观山村畜牧业生态经济亚系统的畜种结构和生态效率

本文对位于亚热带丘岗区畜牧业生态经济亚系统的畜种结构和生态效率进行研究。因地制宜地调整和优化畜种结构,充分合理地利用当地饲料资源,改善饲料营养结构,增强亚系统的总体功能。     

湖南种子植物重要科属地理分布研究(二)——五味子科

湖南五味子科植物有2属11种2变种,分布于31个县,多生长在海拔600—1200m的山地灌丛或林中。本文依据湖南五味子科植物的地理分布,结合系统分类,植物区系和土壤资料,经分析和推论得知:1.湖南五味子科植物种质资源丰富,以中国特有种为主,它们与毗邻省区的关系密切。2.湖南五味子科植物区系表现为多种区系成分的过渡与汇集,即华南、华东、华中和滇黔桂4个区系成分的交汇、混杂和过渡。3.湖南五味子科植物的多数种类是从湖南以西地区迁移扩散而来,有的种类是从本省西北或西南以外地区而来,极少数植物在本省西南地区及其周边省区分化形成。4.湘西北至湘西南地区是湖南五味子科植物的现代分布中心,现代分化中心是湘西南地区。     

Influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The present work studied the influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a nitrogen-limited (C/N ratio is 56/8.8 mmol/L) medium. Several sets of shaking flask experiments were conducted. The results showed that 2 g/L glucose feeding on the first day of the culture (24 h after the inoculation) simulated both fungal biomass growth and enzyme production. The manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity was 2.5 times greater than that produced in cultures without glucose feeding. Furthermore, the glucose feeding mode in fed-batch culture was also investigated. Compared to cultures with glucose feeding every 48 h, cultures with glucose feeding of 1.5 g/L (final concentration) every 24 h produced more enzymes. The peak and total yield of MnP activity were 2.7 and 3 times greater compared to the contrast culture, respectively, and the enzyme was kept stable for 4 days with an activity of over 200 U/L.     

Dynamic fate modeling of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane in the lower reaches of the Liao River

A QWASI model dependent on temperature is parameterized to describe the long-term fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Liao River. The model parameters, namely fugacity capacity, degradation rate, and transfer coefficient, are profoundly affected by temperature. This model is used to simulate the fate of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the lower reaches of the Liao River from 1998 to 2008. Modeling results show that γ-HCH fugacity capacities in air, water, and sediment increase as temperature decreases, and the transfer and transformation rate coefficients increase as temperature increases. The variations of transfer and transformation parameter D values depend on fugacity capacities, and transfer and transformation coefficients simultaneously. The performance of the model is evaluated by comparing the predicted and observed concentrations in the water and sediment of the Liao River. The predicted values agree well with the observed value in the order of magnitude, in most cases within the factor of 3. It is believed that the model is appropriate for simulating the long term fate of POPs in the Liao River.     

采用微机控制气相色谱法在野外进行稻田甲烷排放率的连续观测

介绍一套稻田甲烷排放率的野外全自动观测系统。该系统采用微机控制、气相色谱法，在供电正常的情况下，实现了稻田甲烷样品的自动采集和分析，同时配有八个温度传感器，以测量空气、水及土壤的温度。温度和甲烷测定数据由微机自动贮存，可长期连续工作，无需值守。本系统对稻田甲烷测量的标准偏差为２４５μＶ·Ｓ（峰面积），变异系数为１．１８％（ｎ＝５）。若将色谱条件做适当改变，即可测量其它微量气体。     

炼油厂汽提废水预处理工业试验

炼油厂汽提废水含较高浓度的酚 ,会对污水处理场产生冲击。采用上流式曝气生物滤池对废水进行预处理工业试验 ,取得了满意的试验结果 :出水酚浓度低于 9.0mg/L ,酚降解率 >90 % ,完全可以消除它对污水处理场的冲击。并通过工业试验为工艺设计和工业运行确定了有关参数和运行条件。     

Influence of eutrophication on the coagulation efficiency in reservoir water

Water from the three reservoirs, Min-ter, Li-yu-ten and Yun-ho-shen, was examined for concentration of chlorophyll a, ultraviolet absorption (UV(254)), fluorescence intensity (FI), concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and fractionation of dissolved molecules by molecular weight. The water samples were collected over the change from spring to summer (May to July but before the typhoon season) when the water temperature and extent of eutrophication increase. Analytical results indicate that the concentration of DOC is proportional to the concentration of chlorophyll a, but not to the values of UV(254) and FI. Therefore, eutrophication, extraneous contaminants of small molecules, and the extracellular products of algae cause an increase in DOC, but a decrease in the proportion of large organic molecules such as of humic substances. The fraction of DOC with a molecular weight of less than 5000 Da increases with the concentration of chlorophyll a. All these data suggest that changes in the quality of water after eutrophication make the treatment of drinking water more difficult. The method of enhanced coagulation was recently developed for removing DOC. However, the results of this paper demonstrate that the efficiency of DOC removal falls as the degree of eutrophication increases. When the percentage of DOC with small molecules excreted by algae increased by 1%, the efficiency of DOC removal decreased by approximately 1%, implying that enhanced coagulation are not able to remove the DOC excreted by the algae during eutrophication, and resulting an increased concentration of trihalomethanes formation in water disinfections process.     

气相色谱法分离和测定合成革用胶粘剂中的挥发性有机物

对合成革用胶粘剂中的发挥有机成份进行了色谱分离，并测定了胶粘剂中的9种挥发性有机物，方法的加标回收率为89.4%～102.8%，变异系数为1.2%～5.0%。     

白腐真菌降解经微电解预处理二硝基重氮酚废水的研究

利用自行培养、驯化的白腐真菌,对经过微电解预处理的二硝基重氮酚(DDNP)废水进行了生物降解试验.结果表明,经过微电解预处理后的DDNP废水(含CODCr467 mg/L)经生化处理108 h后,出水中CODCr在131 mg/L左右,达到国家二级排放标准;其中的苯胺类、硝基类的去除率达到99.9%以上,达到国家一级排放标准.对试验所获得的时间序列进行动力学研究结果证明,白腐真菌降解经微电解预处理后的DDNP废水的反应为准一级动力学反应.     

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定新装修住宅室内空气中的甲醛

对乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛的方法进行了优化,同时对北京市11户部分新装修居室室内空气中的甲醛含量进行了测定.结果表明,有8户住宅超过了我国室内空气质量标准GB/T18883-2002规定的甲醛最高容许质量浓度0.10 mg/m3.