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141.
The objective of this paper was to develop a mechanistic-based framework to explicitly incorporate the factors controlling the bioavailability, toxicodynamics and mode of action to enhance predictive ability of arsenic (As) toxicity to protect the health of farmed tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. We linked the biotic ligand model and damage assessment model to develop a toxicokinetic model for elucidating the site-specific temporal changes of As bioavailability and to characterize how the fish regulate the metal toxicity. We built a bioavailability-mode of action-based growth toxicity model by linking a bioenergetic growth model and damage assessment model to predict how the As affects on the tilapia growth in the entire life span in site-specific field ecosystems. Here we show that the proposed model well describes the water-chemistry-dependent toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics variations of As to tilapia. We selected two local tilapia farms with different water chemistries located at southwestern Taiwan coast region to implement the proposed algorithm to predict the risk of As exposure. Results indicate that the growth toxicity of O. mossambicus in Taihsi is more sensitive than that in Peimen. We found that the effect of ion competition on the As bioavailability and their ecotoxicological effects on tilapia are more obvious in Taihsi comparing with that in Peimen. We suggested that the proposed bioavailability- and mode of action-based framework can be used to capture the biological response and regulation of tilapia to As exposures. It is applicable for a site-specific and long-term ecotoxicological risk assessment. 相似文献
142.
Chih-Chung Lin Kuo-Lin Huang Shui-Jen Chen Shaw-Chen Liu Jen-Hsiung Tsai Yuan-Chung Lin Wen-Yinn Lin 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(17):2731-2736
This study investigates ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate (NH4+, NO3?, and SO42?) in size-resolved particles (particularly nano (PM0.01–0.056)/ultrafine (PM0.01–0.1)) and NOx/SO2 collected near a busy road and at a rural site. The average (mass) cumulative fraction of secondary inorganic aerosols (SO42?+NO3?+NH4+) in nano or ultrafine particles at the roadside was found to be three to four times that at the rural site. The above three secondary inorganic aerosol species were present in similar cumulative fractions in particles of size 1–18 μm at both sites; however, dissimilar fractions were observed for Cl?, Na+, and K+. The nitrogen ratios (NRs: NR = NO3??N/(NO3??N + NO2–N)), sulfur ratios (SRs: SR = SO42??S/(SO42??S + SO2–S)), dNR/DP (derivative of NR with respect to DP (particle diameter)), and dSR/DP (derivative of SR with respect to DP) at the roadside were higher than those at the rural site for nano/ultrafine particles. At both sites (particularly the roadside), the nanoparticles had significantly higher dNR/DP and dSR/DP values than differently sized particles, implying that NO3?/SO42? (from NO2/SO2 transformation or NO3?/SO42? deposition) were present on these particles. 相似文献
143.
Chong-Shu Zhu Cheng-Chieh Chen Jun-Ji Cao Chuen-Jinn Tsai Charles C.-K. Chou Shaw-Chen Liu Gwo-Dong Roam 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(23):2668-2673
Fine particles (PM2.5) and nanoparticles (PM0.1) were sampled using Dichotomous sampler and MOUDI, respectively, in Xueshan Tunnel, Taiwan. Eight carbon fractions were analyzed using IMPROVE thermal-optical reflectance (TOR) method. The concentrations of different temperature carbon fractions (OC1–OC4, EC1–EC3) in both PM2.5 and PM0.1 were measured and the correlations between OC and EC were discussed. Results showed that the ratios of OC/EC were 1.26 and 0.67 for PM2.5 and PM0.1, respectively. The concentration of EC1 was found to be more abundant than other elemental carbon fractions in PM2.5, while the most abundant EC fraction in PM0.1 was found to be EC2. The variation of contributions for elemental carbon fractions was different among PM2.5 and PM0.1 samples, which was partly owing to the metal catalysts for soot oxidation. The correlations between char-EC and soot-EC showed that char-EC dominated EC in PM2.5 while soot-EC dominated EC in PM0.1. Using eight individual carbon fractions, the gasoline and diesel source profiles of PM0.1 and PM2.5 were extracted and analyzed with the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. 相似文献
144.
Po-Min Kao Tien-Yu Chang Yi-Chou Chiu Sheng-Han Tsai Yu-Li Huang 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(7):715-719
This study evaluated biohydrogen production by co-culture of Clostridium butyricum and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. C. butyricum and R. palustris were grown separately and together as batch cultures. Hydrogen production, growth, NH4-N, total volatile fatty acid production, and sucrose degradation were monitored. The hydrogen production of the co-culture produced 562 ml, R. palustris 426 ml, and C. butyricum 333 ml. The co-culture produced 2.16 mol H2/mol sucrose, C. butyricum and R. palustris produced 1.77 and 1.64 mol H2/mol sucrose, respectively. The co-culture was more efficient in the hydrogen production. Therefore, the co-culture is a good method for biohydrogen fermentation. 相似文献
145.
Chen SA Nian JN Tsai CC Teng H 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(5):600-605
Catalyst supports composed of titanate nanotubes were prepared from hydrothermal treatment on TiO2 nanoparticles in NaOH followed by HCl washing. The nanotubes exhibited well-defined TiO2 anatase phase after calcination at 400 degrees C. The nanotube aggregates and other commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles, all with surface areas >300 m(2)/g, were impregnated with Cu and examined in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. In catalyst preparation, the nanotubes were found to be more thermally stable than nanoparticles, withstanding agglomeration at elevated temperatures. The Cu species supported on the nanotubes showed a higher catalytic activity than those supported on the nanoparticles. Analysis with temperature programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and NO adsorption reflected that the layered-titanate feature of the tube wall was advantageous for even distribution of the Cu species, thus leading to the high-catalytic activity of the tubular Cu/TiO2 catalyst. 相似文献
146.
In this study, a melting process with addition of SiO2 was applied to treat incinerator fly ash. To describe the encapsulation behaviors of metals quantitatively, the amorphous volume fraction (AVF) of slags was initially determined. Vitrification appeared to reduce the mobility of Cr, Cu, Mn, and Ni instead of significantly immobilizing Cd, Pb, and Zn. It was verified that SiO2 enhanced the formation of an amorphous glassy structure. With the increase of SiO2, the crystalline phases would gradually diminish and transform into a higher silica-connected species. During the formation of slag matrix, Al, Ca, and Mg could modify the glass network, and consequently the encapsulation behaviors of these species would noticeably affect the chemical stability of slags. Significant immobilization of crust metals could be achieved only when a more compact and interconnected amorphous glass network was formed. Hence, it indicated that a higher AVF silica-based slag had a better potential to resist acid attack. In conclusion, for environmental protection, it is important to investigate the correlation between the encapsulation behaviors of metals and the crystalline characteristics of slag structure. 相似文献
147.
148.
Biodegradation of crystal violet by a Shewanella sp. NTOU1 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A bacterial isolate, strain NTOU1, originally isolated from the cooling system in an oil refinery could decolorize and detoxify crystal violet under anaerobic conditions. The strain was characterized and identified as a member of Shewanella decolorationis based on Gram staining, morphology characters, biochemical tests, the 16S rRNA gene and the gyrase subunit beta gene (gyrB). The optimum pH value and temperature for decolorization of crystal violet by this strain under anaerobic conditions were pH 8-9 and 30-40 degrees C, respectively. Formate (20 mM) was the best electron donor. Addition of ferric citrate did not inhibit decolorization of crystal violet, the addition of thiosulfate, ferric oxide, or manganese oxide slightly decreased decolorization, while addition of nitrite (20 mM) inhibited the decolorization of crystal violet. By supplementing the medium with formate and ferric citrate and cultivating it under optimum pH and temperature, this strain could remove crystal violet, at a concentration of 1500 mg l(-1), at the rate of 298 mg l(-1) h(-1) (during decolorization the OD(600) of the cell culture increased from approximately 0.6 to approximately 1.2). GC/MS analysis of the degradation products of crystal violet detected the presence of N,N'-bis(dimethylamino) benzophenone (Michler's Ketone), [N,N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N,N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, N,N-dimethylaminophenol, and 4-methylaminophenol. These results suggest that crystal violet was biotransformed into N,N-dimethylaminophenol and Michler's Ketone prior to further degradation of these intermediates. This paper proposes a probable pathway for the degradation of crystal violet by this Shewanella sp. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial tests showed that the process of decolorization also detoxify crystal violet. 相似文献
149.
Chen Yu-Cheng Tsai Perng-Jy Wang Lin-Chi Shih Minliang Lee Wen-Jhy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):759-769
Background, aim, and scope
This study developed an integrated approach to identify pollutant sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) of workers based on their blood contents. 相似文献150.
The effects of FeCl3 on the distribution of the heavy metals Cd, Cu, Cr, and Zn in a simulated multimetal incineration system 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
Recognizing that waste-derived chlorine can enhance heavy metal emissions by forming volatile metallic chlorides during municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion, and that in Taiwan, FeCl3-containing sewage sludge may either be landfilled or coincinerated with other MSW, this study thus investigated the effects of FeCl3 on the speciation and partitioning of heavy metals in a multimetal incineration system by using a tubular furnace and FeCl3-spiked simulated wastes. The molar ratio of chlorine content to heavy metal content (referred to as the Cl/ M ratio), ranging from 3 to 200, was used as a parameter to evaluate the effects of chlorine on the movement of heavy metals between the incinerator discharges. Results indicate that speciation and partitioning were related to the affinity between the chlorine and the heavy metals and between chlorine and hydrogen in the combustion system. The effectiveness of increasing the Cl/M ratio to the formation potential of metallic chlorides and on the shift of heavy metals from the bottom ash to the fly ash and/or the flue gases was found to have in increasing order as follows: Zn>Cu>Cr, a phenomenon basically reflecting the volatility of the heavy metals and their chlorides formed during combustion. 相似文献