基于河流健康的辽河干流生态调度分期研究

河流健康受水文条件、人类活动干扰等因素影响存在季节性特点。作为以维护河流健康为目标的生态调度,在四季变化明显的北方地区也应具有分时期的特性。以辽河干流为研究区域,以月为单位对其河流健康进行评价,探讨河流健康的年内变化规律。研究表明辽河干流河流健康状况存在明显的分期特性,不同时期健康状况差异较大。基于上述特点,提出以分期生态调度的方式来改善河流健康,并划分出封冻期、汛前枯水期、汛期、汛后枯水期4个时期。同时确定出封冻期的最小生态需水、枯水期的河流自净需水、汛期的输沙需水的需水要求。最后耦合出辽河干流生态流量过程并与Tennant法比较,表明该流量过程符合天然的径流节律,能更好地维护河流健康     

糖厂废醪液蔗地施肥的效应

糖厂根据当地的自然条件和工农关系 ,采用施肥法资源化利用废醪液 ,是最为经济的污水治理方法。     

废水中优先控制污染酚的HPLC分离-电化学检测

研究了 HPL C分离 -安培法检测四种优先控制污染酚的色谱条件。在 Shim- pack CL C- ODS柱上 ,以 0 .1mol/L Na H2 PO4 +0 .0 5 mm ol/L EDTA· 2 Na+1% CH3 COOH(p H3.0 ) +5 0 % CH3 OH作流动相 ,氧化电位 +1.0 V检测。工作曲线的线性范围在 0～ 30μg/ml,检测限达 ng/m l     

土地复垦投资的政策法规建议

土地复垦投资的政策法规是为了克服市场经济本身的缺陷和不足,规范生产建设者（当事者）的行为以及强化其社会意识和责任,确保土地复垦投资机制的形成和运作。本文分析了我国土地复垦投资的相关政策和法规的现状和问题,有针对性地提出了一些政策和法规建议,且对《土地复垦规定》提出了具体的修改建议。     

重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量的几点体会

重铬酸钾法是测定工业废水中化学需氧量的国家标准方法，通过大量的实验对CODCr的实验进行探索，提出几点体会，在CODCr的测定中有一定的实用性。     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

Long-term observations of tropospheric NO2, SO2 and HCHO by MAX-DOAS in Yangtze River Delta area, China

Yangtze River Delta(YRD) area is one of the important economic zones in China. However,this area faces increasing environmental problems. In this study, we use ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS) network in Eastern China to retrieve variations of NO_2, SO_2, and formaldehyde(HCHO) in the YRD area. Three cities of YRD(Hefei, Nanjing, and Shanghai) were selected for long-term observations. This paper presents technical performance and characteristics of instruments, their distribution in YRD, and results of vertical column densities(VCDs) and profiles of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO.Average diurnal variations of tropospheric NO_2 and SO_2 in different seasons over the three stations yielded minimum values at noon or in the early afternoon, whereas tropospheric HCHO reached the maximum during midday hours. Slight reduction of the pollutants in weekends occurred in all the three sites. In general trace gas concentrations gradually reduced from Shanghai to Hefei. Tropospheric VCDs of NO_2, SO_2, and HCHO were compared with those from Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI) satellite observations, resulting in R~2 of 0.606, 0.5432, and 0.5566, respectively. According to analysis of regional transports of pollutants, pollution process happened in YRD under the north wind with the pollution dissipating in the southeast wind. The feature is significant in exploring transport of tropospheric trace gas pollution in YRD, and provides basis for satellite and model validation.     

长江源区水文气象要素变化及其与大尺度环流因子关系研究

长江源区水文气象要素变化及其归因研究一直备受全球关注,现阶段研究多侧重于水文气象要素时空变化特征分析,针对长江源区水文气象要素与大尺度环流因子相互关系的研究不足。论文利用Mann-Kendall法、去趋势波动分析法和小波分析法,探究长江源区1957—2012年水文气象要素趋势性、波动性和周期性变化规律,分析水文气象要素与大尺度环流因子的相关关系,通过研究水汽通量揭示大尺度环流因子对水文气象要素变化的驱动机制。结果表明：20世纪90年代,长江源区气候暖干化,进入21世纪后,长江源区气候暖湿化趋势明显;长江源区水文气象要素序列具有正长程相关性,长江源区气候未来会继续呈现暖湿化变化趋势。长江源区水文气象要素都存在着1~5、10~24和25~45 a三种时间尺度周期变化规律。南亚季风是影响长江源区降水量和流量较为重要的大气环流因子,南亚季风驱动下的西南方向气流是长江源区主导气流和水汽来源。     

Importance of nutrient availability for soluble microbial products formation during a famine period of activated sludge: Evidence from multiple analyses

Much remains unknown about compositional variations in soluble microbial products (SMP) with the shift of the substrate condition from a feast to a famine phase in biological treatment systems. This study demonstrated that the formation of SMP could be suppressed by up to 75% during the famine phase with the addition of essential nutrients. In contrast, presence of electron acceptor did not play any significant role during the stress condition, showing the similar amounts of SMP (r?=?0.98, p?<?0.05) formation between the bioreactors supplied with air and N₂. The SMP formed in the famine phase was more bio-refractory in the famine versus the feast phase with a linear correlation shown between the production and their aromatic structures in the composition (R²?>?0.95). The fluorescence excitation–emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) revealed the presence of four different fluorescent components, including two protein-like (C1 and C4), fulvic-like (C2), and humic-like (C3) components, in the SMP and bEPS formed at different conditions. Both C1 and C4 showed increasing trends (R²?>?0.95) with the length of starvation in the bioreactors without essential nutrients. Nutrient availability was found to be a key factor to quench the production of large-sized biopolymers. This study provides a wealth of information on operation conditions of activated sludge treatment systems to minimize large sized SMP molecules (particularly proteins), which typically exert many environmental concerns to effluent organic matter quality.     

基于数据挖掘算法和数值模拟技术的大气污染减排效果评估

近年来,京津冀地区采取了大量污染减排措施进行大气污染治理,如何客观评估减排效果是目前大气环境领域的研究难点.为准确评估大气污染过程的减排效果,本文利用北京地区常规气象资料、国控站PM_(2.5)浓度资料,遴选了北京地区2018年3月11—14日和2013年3月14—17日两次空气污染过程,计算了大气容量系数、静稳指数,并利用KNN数据挖掘算法和WRF-Chem模式,对比分析了有无减排条件下的PM_(2.5)日均浓度.结果表明:两次空气污染过程的天气形势和局地气象条件较相似,就大气热力和动力的垂直结构来看,2018年空气污染过程比2013年空气污染过程的大气稳定性更强、边界层高度更低、环境容量更小,但PM_(2.5)峰值浓度却显著下降,平均浓度明显降低,PM_(2.5)小时浓度的增长趋势相对平缓,重污染持续时间缩短.KNN数据挖掘算法减排评估结果显示,该方法能够较好地预测PM_(2.5)日均浓度的变化趋势,2018年3月11—14日,在减排和不减排情景下PM_(2.5)日均值分别为171和229μg·m~(-3),减排使得污染过程PM_(2.5)平均浓度下降了25.3%.数值模拟结果与KNN数据分析结论吻合,进一步验证了减排措施的有效性.综合看来,2018年空气污染过程中PM_(2.5)浓度相比历史相似气象条件下的污染过程显著降低,这是长期大力度减排效果的体现.