Distribution and assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Yellow River, China

Large amounts of heavy metals discharged by industrial cities that are located along the middle reach of Yellow River, China have detrimental impacts on both the ecological environment and human health. In this study, fourteen surface sediment samples were taken in the middle reach of the Yellow River. Contents of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, As were measured, and the pollution status was assessed using three widely used pollution assessment methods, including the single factor index method, Nemerow pollution index method and potential ecological risk index. The concentrations of the studied heavy metals followed the order: Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > As > Cd. Nearly 50% of sites had Cu and Cr accumulation. The concentration of Cu at the Yiluo River exceeded the secondary standard value of the Environmental quality standard for soils. Comparison of heavy metal concentrations between this study and other selected rivers indicated that Cu and Cr may be the major pollutants in our case. The single factor index indicated that many samples were at high levels of pollution for Cu and Cd; the Nemerow pollution index indicated that the Yihe River, Luohe River, Yiluo River and Huayuankou were polluted. According to the results of potential ecological risk assessment, Cd in the tributaries of Luo River, Yihe River, and Yiluo River showed high risk toward the ecosystem and human health, Cd in Huanyuankou and Cu in Yiluo River showed a middle level of risk and other samples were at a low level of risk.     

MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料同步吸附亚甲基蓝和Cu~(2+)

采用化学沉积法合成了MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱分析(SEM-EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、Zeta电位仪、FTIR等方法对其进行了表征。研究了MgO/SiO_2对亚甲基蓝(MB)和Cu~(2+)的吸附行为及同步吸附效果。表征结果表明:MgO/SiO_2为褶皱、凸起的球形形貌;MgO成功负载在SiO_2表面。实验结果表明:MgO/SiO_2对MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,MB和Cu~(2+)的饱和吸附量分别为83.72 mg/g和208.70 mg/g;MB和Cu~(2+)的同步吸附在MgO/SiO_2表面存在竞争关系;在溶液体积为30m L、MgO/SiO_2加入量为10 mg、MB质量浓度为10 mg/L或Cu~(2+)质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、吸附时间为24 h、初始溶液pH为4.00、解吸时间为4 h的条件下,MgO/SiO_2第1次吸附MB和Cu~(2+)的去除率分别为92.8%和90.1%,第5次吸附的去除率分别为59.6%和57.4%。     

万山汞矿区土壤汞污染及其防治研究

万山汞矿区具有600多年采矿历史,当地的生态破坏问题不容忽视.汞具有挥发性,能在水体、大气、土壤等环境介质中迁移转化,增大了汞污染治理难度.同时汞作为人体非必须的有毒重金属元素,对动、植物及人类具有极大的危害性.在此基础上,探讨了贵州万山汞矿区周边土壤的汞污染现状、来源、形态及其迁移转化规律,提出了相应的治理措施,以期能为今后深入开展汞污染治理研究提供理论依据与技术指导.     

两性与两性复配修饰膨润土增强塿土吸附Cr(VI)的研究

为了证实添加修饰黏土对塿土吸附Cr(VI)的增强作用,分别将2%、5%、8%和10%(质量分数)的200%CEC BS-12(十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱)修饰膨润土(B200B)和100%CEC BS-12+100%CEC DTAB(十二烷基三甲基溴化铵)复配修饰膨润土(B100B/100D)加入到天然塿土,以批处理法研究供试土样对Cr(VI)的等温吸附特征,并对比了p H值、温度和离子强度(I)对Cr(VI)吸附的影响.结果表明:不同B100B/100D塿土(B100B/100D混合塿土)和B200B塿土对Cr(VI)的吸附量分别是CK(塿土)的1.52~4.28和1.99~5.12倍,且等添加比例下B200B塿土对Cr(VI)的吸附量高于B100B/100D塿土.10~30℃范围内,CK、2%B100B/100D和2%B200B塿土对Cr(VI)的吸附呈增温正效应;当修饰土添加比例大于2%时,温度效应由增温正效应向负效应转变.CK对Cr(VI)的吸附量在不同p H值(4~7)处理下差异不显著,而B100B/100D和B200B塿土对Cr(VI)的吸附量均随p H值升高而降低.CK和B100B/100D塿土对Cr(VI)的吸附量均随离子强度(I)的增大而降低,B200B塿土对Cr(VI)的吸附量以I=0.1 mol·L~(-1)时最高,以I=0.5 mol·L~(-1)时最低.B100B/100D和B200B塿土吸附Cr(VI)是自发的物理过程,随修饰土添加比例的增大,吸附表现为焓增、熵减特征.     

Impact of cleaner production on business performance

Extensive research has examined the relationship between environmental management/performance and business performance but yielded no conclusive results. This paper makes two contributions to the literature. First, instead of focusing on one aspect, we try to compare using various types of cleaner production activities: low- and high-cost activities. Second, the study complements the existing literature which focuses on firms in developed countries with an analysis of firms in the Chinese manufacturing industry. In this paper, the relationship between cleaner production and business performance was analyzed using Structure Equation Model (SEM). We find an overall positive impact of cleaner production on firm's business performance. We also found that the cleaner production activities of low-cost scheme have a bigger contribution to financial performance compared to non-financial performance, while cleaner production activities of high-cost scheme have a greater contribution to non-financial performance, compared to financial performance. This study should be useful for firms that consider adopting cleaner production as well as stakeholders who aim to promote cleaner production.     

The chronic effects of oil pollution on marine phytoplankton in a subtropical bay, China

To evaluate the effects of crude oil water accommodated fraction (WAF) on marine phytoplankton community, natural phytoplankton collected seasonally from the Yueqing bay were exposed to eight groups of crude oil WAF for 15 days under laboratory conditions. Chlorophyll a and cell density were measured, and species of phytoplankton were identified every 24 h to reflect the change of phytoplankton community. The results showed that (1) High concentrations (??2.28 mg l^???1) of oil pollution would greatly restrain phytoplankton growth (p?< 0.001), decrease chlorophyll a content and cell density, whereas low concentrations (??1.21 mg l^???1) did not restrain its growth but rather promoted the phytoplankton growth. (2) The biodiversity, evenness, and species number of phytoplankton were all significantly influenced by crude oil WAF in all seasons (p?<?0.001). (3) The dominant species changes were different under different pollutant concentrations in different seasons. Different species had different tolerances to the oil pollution, thus leading to abnormal succession.     

The extract of aquatic macrophyte Carex cinerascens induced colony formation in bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa played important roles in blooms formation. To study the effects of plant allelopathy on colony formation...     

微波强化内电解处理活性艳红染料废水

提出了一种微波强化内电解处理染料废水的新方法,结果表明:微波不仅可以再生炭铁混合物,而且可以氧化分解活性炭吸附的染料;铁屑不仅与活性炭构成内电解作用,同时还可以促进微波再生活性炭;微波作用多次后炭铁混合物对废水的去除率仍能保持色度去除率99%、COD去除率64%;同时探讨了微波作用时间、微波作用次数、铁屑粒径、炭铁比例和pH值等因素对废水去除率的影响,并初步探讨了其反应机理。     

土壤-植物系统中模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染的短期环境效应--黄豆盆栽试验

通过盆栽实验,研究了在黄豆(Glycne max)的一个生长周期内,模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染对土壤基本性质的影响,模拟酸雨作用下土壤-植物系统中Cd的迁移转化规律以及模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染对黄豆生长与生理特性的影响,探讨了土壤-植物系统中这种复合污染的短期环境效应.结果表明,短期内模拟酸雨和Cd污染对土壤-植物系统都有致害作用,但Cd污染的效应大于模拟酸雨的效应,模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染环境效应大于这2种污染物的单因素效应,且表现出明显的协同作用.在本试验条件下,pH值为3.5的模拟酸雨和20 mg·kg-1Cd的处理组合对土壤-植物系统的危害最严重.尽管在短期内,协同作用仅在土壤交换态Cd含量、黄豆茎和根中的Cd含量这3项指标上得到一定程度的体现,但这种复合污染的化学机制和环境效应值得关注,这2种污染物长时期共同作用对土壤-植物系统的影响也值得深入研究.