黄姜纤维素渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料

利用酵母菌和黑曲霉对黄姜纤维素渣进行固态发酵生产蛋白饲料。研究了接种量、温度、固液比、发酵时间和通风量对发酵的影响。同时在单菌种发酵的基础上,对酵母菌和黑曲霉的混合发酵进行了初步探索,研究结果表明,混菌发酵的实验效果比单菌发酵的效果好。当条件为:黄姜纤维素渣25 g,加入脲0.53 g,KH2PO40.05 g,K2HPO40.05 g,Mg-SO40.05 g,NaCl 0.05 g,CaCl20.01 g,接种量为14%,温度30℃,固液比2∶1,发酵产物的蛋白质量分数可达到13.98%。     

猪场废水厌氧发酵液循环脱氮工艺

研究了水解酸化与生物接触氧化组合循环工艺处理猪养殖场废水厌氧发酵液的脱氮特性,重点考察了组合工艺的最佳运行工况和参数,同时讨论了组合工艺低温运行的性能。结果表明,水力停留时间24 h和污水循环比1∶3为最佳运行工况,此时出水氨氮浓度为2.16～8.20 mg/L。溶解氧(DO)浓度2～3 mg/L和有机负荷3 g/L以下为最佳运行参数,出水氨氮浓度稳定在10 mg/L以下。在春季低温条件下(8～12℃),组合工艺也能较好运行,水解酸化池内小分子有机酸产生总量为114.50～244.22 mg/L。组合工艺连续运行3个月以上,污染物去除效果稳定。     

钒基活化液增活V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2催化剂的实验研究

基于催化剂在线增活工艺,以火电厂运行条件下的典型钒钛类失活催化剂为原料,采用单因素变量法展开了钒基活化液各成分对失活催化剂增活效果的研究,对活化液增活后的催化剂进行活性评价及SEM、BET、FT-IR和XRD等分析,考察增活前后NO转换率、催化剂表面形貌及结构的变化情况。研究结果表明,在实验条件下,随着4种活性成分含量的增加,催化剂增活后NO转换率均呈现先升高后降低的规律,NO转换率最高达99%,且增活后催化剂表面活性成分增加,Brnsted酸性位增多,比表面积增加,对烟气具有较强适应力。     

平板玻璃工业窑炉烟气中低温SCR脱硝中试研究

我国平板玻璃工业正面临严峻的NOx控制形势,研究并推广玻璃窑炉高效脱硝技术对玻璃工业发展及大气环境保护均具有重要意义。选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝技术是国内外公认效率最高的脱硝技术,然而该技术在玻璃窑炉中推广应用还面临诸多技术问题。本研究设计并建设了10 000 Nm3/h的平板玻璃工业窑炉中低温SCR脱硝中试装置,分析了玻璃窑炉烟气组分波动规律及其对SCR脱硝系统的潜在影响,考察了烟气温度、喷氨量控制和烟气处理量等工艺参数,开展了为期6 d的连续运行实验。这些在实际烟气中开展的研究为玻璃窑炉SCR脱硝技术研究分享了大量一手数据和经验。     

SBR法处理保险粉废水

对SBR法处理保险粉废水的可行性进行了研究。结果表明,活性污泥经驯化后能较好地适应保险粉废水。该工艺在悬浮性固体(MLSS)含量为4 g/L,污泥负荷为0.23 kg COD/(kg污泥·d),水力停留时间(HRT)10 h,溶解氧(DO)2~4 mg/L以及实验温度25~35℃,周期为12 h的运行条件下,对COD的去除率为89.3%,完全达到该废水行业排放标准要求。其适宜的污泥龄为20 d,为中试和工艺设计应用提供了参考。     

污泥施入黄土后重金属Cu、Zn、Cd的淋滤迁移

污泥土地利用是目前国内外污泥处置的主要方式和鼓励方向,在中国西北黄土地区更有前景和意义.污泥富含有机质和营养元素可弥补黄土的贫瘠缺陷,改善黄土肥力、增加植物产量.污泥施入黄土后,灌溉水对污泥重金属的淋滤迁移和污染风险是值得研究的课题之一.研究旨在了解重金属Cu、Zn、Cd在黄土层中的淋滤迁移特征,为黄土地区污泥的土地利用及重金属污染控制提供实验依据.实验选择污泥中含量或毒性大的Cu、Zn、Cd 3种重金属作为研究对象,通过室内模拟土柱对表层堆肥污泥中2种源强的重金属进行1年灌溉用水量的淋滤对比实验,测定淋滤前后土柱中和渗出液的Cu、Zn、Cd总量、有机质及pH值,以期分析重金属在黄土中的淋滤、迁移特征.结果表明,淋滤作用可使堆肥污泥Cu、Zn、Cd发生少量迁移并富集于土柱中、上部,大部分或绝大部分重金属仍滞留于耕作层(0～20 cm);淋滤使堆肥污泥Cd与Cu向下迁移约30 cm,Zn向下迁移约20 cm;渗出液呈弱碱性,其中Cu、Zn、Cd 3种重金属的浓度较入渗水均有增多,但随渗出液从黄土柱中溶出的重金属量极少.实验表明,耕作层重金属源强对Cu、Zn、Cd在土柱剖面中的淋滤、迁移和滞留作用以及溶出量均有不同程度的影响,堆肥污泥土地利用可以明显改善黄土肥力,灌溉对耕作层污泥有机质的淋滤损失量较小.并得出,堆肥污泥在黄土地区的土地利用是可行的.     

茜素绿的微波无极紫外光降解及产物分析

以茜素绿为研究对象,探讨了蒽醌类染料在微波无极紫外灯光辐射下的降解行为。结果表明,茜素绿的脱色反应符合一级反应动力学规律,反应120 min后COD和TOC的去除率分别为65.79%和60.98%;采用荧光色谱仪和电子顺磁共振仪检测到降解过程中羟基自由基和超氧自由基为主要活性物种;利用红外光谱仪、离子色谱仪和电子喷雾质谱仪分析了反应过程中的中间产物;采用电喷雾等技术和离子色谱测定了茜素绿降解的中间产物,并推断了茜素绿微波紫外光降解可能的历程;采用大肠杆菌和锦鲤对溶液进行了生物毒性检测与评价,由于中间产物的产生降解溶液的毒性先升后降。     

Effect of initial pH control on biological phosphorus removal induced by the aerobic/extended-idle regime

Recently, it has been reported that biological phosphorus removal (BPR) can be induced by an aerobic/extended-idle (AEI) regime. This study further investigated the effect of initial pH ranging from 6.6 to 8.2 on BPR in the AEI process, and compared the BPR performance between the AEI and the anaerobic/oxic (A/O) regimes under their optimal initial pH value. Experimental results firstly showed that phosphorus removal linearly increased with initial pH increasing from 6.6 to 7.8, but slightly decreased when initial pH increased from 7.8 to 8.2. The optimal initial pH should be controlled at 7.8, and the phosphorus removal at initial pH 7.8 was approximately 1.7-time than that at initial pH 6.6. The mechanism studies showed that the biomass cultured at initial pH 7.8 contained more polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), lower glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), and had higher activities of exopolyphosphatase and polyphosphate kinase than that cultured at initial pH 6.6. Cyclic studies revealed that initial pH control affected the transformations of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen, which might thereby influence microbial competition between PAOs and GAOs. Then, BPR performance between the AEI and the A/O regimes by adjusting initial pH at 7.8 was also compared. The results showed the AEI regime could drive a better BPR than the generally accepted A/O regime (98% vs 88%). Finally, controlling initial pH at 7.8 to promote BPR in the AEI process was confirmed for a municipal wastewater.     

Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment

Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs) have been reported to occur in air, sediment, fly ash, and biota samples. This review summarized current existing data on the environmental occurrence, behavior, physicochemical properties, emission sources, and toxic equivalents of HPAHs. Firstly, the physicochemical properties of HPAHs were summarized. Then, an overview of environmental occurrence of HPAHs in ambient matrices including biological samples was reviewed. Meanwhile, the emission sources and possible formation mechanisms of HPAHs were discussed. Apart from that, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activities were summarized, which indicated that the position and number of halogen atoms on the parent PAHs molecule were important determinant factors affecting the AhR-mediated activity of individual HPAHs congeners. Finally, some research recommendations on HPAHs were given.     

Temperature influence on biological phosphorus removal induced by aerobic/extended-idle regime

Previous researches have demonstrated that biological phosphorus removal (BPR) from wastewater could be driven by the aerobic/extended-idle (A/EI) regime. This study further investigated temperature effects on phosphorus removal performance in six A/EI sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) operated at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 °C. The results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency increased with temperature increasing from 5 to 20 °C but slightly decreased when temperature continually increased to 30 °C. The highest phosphorus removal rate of 97.1 % was obtained at 20 °C. The biomass cultured at 20 °C contained more polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) and less glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) than that cultured at any other temperatures investigated. The mechanism studies revealed that temperature affected the transformations of glycogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates, and the activities of exopolyphosphatase and polyphosphate kinase activities. In addition, phosphorus removal performances of the A/EI and traditional anaerobic/oxic (A/O) SBRs were compared at 5 and 20 °C, respectively. The results showed the A/EI regime drove better phosphorus removal than the A/O regime at both 5 and 20 °C, and more PAO and less GAO abundances in the biomass might be the principal reason for the higher BPR in the A/EI SBRs as compared with the A/O SBRs.