Coupling coordination measurement of environmental governance: case of China

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - The results show that a comprehensive evaluation system consisting of natural resources, pollution response, government management, and legal involvement...     

基于SVM⁃RF的泥石流窗口坝闭塞度判别研究∗

为了研究野外泥石流防治工程中窗口坝的开口闭塞类别,基于量纲分析理论,以室内水槽试验模拟实际工程,分析模型试验与实际工程的相关物理量及对应的相似准数;引入支持向量机和随机森林分类模型,在开源机器学习工具Scikit-Learn中,采用python编程实现算法;以室内水槽试验数据作为支持向量机和随机森林的训练样本,进行机器学习得到分类模型,提出一种用于判别泥石流窗口坝闭塞类型的新方法;将测试结果与经验公式中闭塞度判别值F的分类结果进行正确率对比,结果表明,F值的分类准确率为88%,而支持向量机为92%,随机森林为94%,随机森林分类效果最好,机器学习理论为泥石流窗口坝在实践中的设计提供了新思路。     

低温下多模式AAO流程脱氮性能比较

利用计算机仿真研究了低温下倒置AAO流程与正置AAO流程的脱氮性能,工艺参数涉及流程进水的流量、TCOD、氨氮、总磷以及污泥回流比、混合液回流比、好氧池溶解氧浓度。发现在13℃时,为使氨氮满足国标1级B,宜选用倒置AAO流程;为使总氮达标,宜采用较高混合液回流比,或考虑选用正置AAO流程;在10℃时,为使氨氮达标,宜选用正置AAO流程,但对于污泥回流比及溶解氧浓度须注意调试;为使总氮达标,倒置、正置均可采用,但要对进水总磷、混合液回流比、污泥回流比及好氧池溶解氧浓度进行仔细监控,难度较大。     

废轮胎胶粉和废PE复合改性沥青性能研究

采用废轮胎胶粉和废PE材料对石油沥青进行复合改性,考察了不同废轮胎胶粉的颗粒大小和不同废PE材料的用量对所制得的复合改性沥青25℃针入度、软化点、5℃延度和存储稳定性的影响。通过考察发现,随着所用废轮胎胶粉颗粒的减小,样品的5℃延度和离析稳定性略有提高,25℃针入度和软化点没有明显变化。随着废PE材料掺入量增加,复合改性沥青样品软化点升高,25℃针入度和5℃延度降低。所制备的复合改性沥青具有很高的存储稳定性,并且能够达到美国废轮胎胶粉改性沥青标准(FHWA-SA-92-002)和中国改性沥青标准(JTJ 036-1998)和(DB/T 29-161-2006)的指标要求。     

二级Fenton氧化高浓度有机硅废水研究

采用二级Fenton氧化技术对可生化性差的高浓度有机硅废水进行处理,考察了不同因素对COD去除率的影响,对比了一级氧化和二级氧化的效果。结果表明对于COD为9 600 mg/L的高浓度有机硅废水,pH为3,[H2O2]/[Fe2+]=2∶1为最佳的反应条件,COD去除率随着H2O2的投加量的增大先增大而后减小,每200 mL水样中先投加20%的硫酸亚铁12 mL,然后分2次投加30%的H2O2各4 mL,氧化完成后调整pH值为7~8静止沉淀,COD去除率达89.2%。对于某绝缘电器厂的生产废水经二级Fenton氧化处理后,出水有机物浓度显著降低,可生化性提高,Fenton二级氧化可以作为高浓度有机硅废水的预处理工艺。     

竹丝生物膜反应器修复校园景观水体的实验研究

以竹丝作为填料而组建的接触氧化生物膜工艺对校园景观水体进行易位修复,通过设置5个不同工况以探明竹丝载体在修复轻度污染水体的特性,研究表明:当进水CODMn、氨氮和浊度分别为7.79~24.32 mg/L、1.36~11 mg/L和0.63~33.11 NTU的情况下,其去除率分别为10.57%~74.34%、-83.33%~57.55%和20.01%~100%,不同的运行工况对修复效果的影响不显著;系统在启动后的8 d内即可形成丰富成熟的生物相,而且竹丝上的细菌主要以短杆菌为主;竹丝生物膜反应器修复后的景观水体中的活细菌数量可减少1个数量级。竹丝上的亲水性基团和良好的生物亲和性以及从竹丝上脱落下来的零散竹丝纤维是竹丝填料生物膜快速形成的基础,宏观和微观"网捕"结构是该系统能在极短时间实现高效去除浊度、有机物和细菌等高分子物质的主要原因。     

丝状菌对生物淋滤去除底泥中重金属的促进作用

利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,A.f)对采自株洲霞湾港底泥中的Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn 4种重金属进行生物淋滤实验,在实验中加入丝状菌考察其对重金属去除效果的影响。结果表明,丝状菌可以有效抑制低分子量有机酸对A.f的毒害作用,促进各种重金属的去除。当加入10%(体积比)的丝状菌后,生物淋滤过程中系统pH值在5 d内降低到2以下,Fe2+在4 d内完全氧化。经过10 d的处理,Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn 4种重金属的最高去除率分别达到76.3%、92.5%、52.6%和88.5%,与不加入丝状菌的处理相比,达到最大去除率所需的时间缩短1~2 d,4种重金属中,丝状菌的加入对Pb的去除促进作用最为明显,其去除率增加1倍左右。因此,在生物淋滤处理重金属-有机物复合污染底泥工艺中接入丝状菌对处理效果有很好的促进作用。     

The profile of antibiotics resistance and integrons of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing thermotolerant coliforms isolated from the Yangtze River basin in Chongqing

The spreading of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing thermotolerant coliforms (TC) in the water environment is a threat to human health but little is known about ESBL-producing TCs in the Yangtze River. We received 319 ESBL-producing stains obtained from the Chongqing basin and we investigated antibiotic susceptibility, bla gene types and the presence of integrons and gene cassettes. 16.8% of TC isolates were ESBL-producing bacteria and bla_TEM+CTx-M was the predominant ESBL type. 65.2% of isolates contained class 1 integrons, but only 3 carried intI 2. Gene cassettes were amplified and sequenced. aadA, drfA, cmlA, sat1, aar3 and two ORF cassettes were found. In conclusion, Yangtze River is heavily polluted by ESBL-producing TC bacteria and the combined bla gene type could enhance antibiotic resistance. Class 1 integrons were widespread in ESBL-producing isolates and play an important role in multi-drug resistance. Characterization of gene cassettes could reveal the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.     

Quantifying Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics in the Jinsha Watershed, Upper Yangtze, China from 1975 to 2000

Quantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and carbon fluxes between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is critical to our understanding of regional patterns of carbon budgets. Here we use the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System to simulate the terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics in the Jinsha watershed of China’s upper Yangtze basin from 1975 to 2000, based on unique combinations of spatial and temporal dynamics of major driving forces, such as climate, soil properties, nitrogen deposition, and land use and land cover changes. Our analysis demonstrates that the Jinsha watershed ecosystems acted as a carbon sink during the period of 1975–2000, with an average rate of 0.36 Mg/ha/yr, primarily resulting from regional climate variation and local land use and land cover change. Vegetation biomass accumulation accounted for 90.6% of the sink, while soil organic carbon loss before 1992 led to a lower net gain of carbon in the watershed, and after that soils became a small sink. Ecosystem carbon sink/source patterns showed a high degree of spatial heterogeneity. Carbon sinks were associated with forest areas without disturbances, whereas carbon sources were primarily caused by stand-replacing disturbances. It is critical to adequately represent the detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use activities in regional biogeochemical models to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of regional carbon sink/source patterns.     

Isolation and Characterization of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Burkholderia</Emphasis> sp. USM (JCM15050) Capable of Producing Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) from Triglycerides,Fatty Acids and Glycerols

A consortium of microorganisms from oil polluted wastewater sample was cultivated to promote polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation before subjecting the mixed cultures to sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. This resulted in the fractionation of the bacterial cells according to their physical features such as size, morphology and/or densities. An isolate was identified as Burkholderia sp. USM (JCM15050), which was capable of converting palm oil products [crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), palm olein (PO), palm kernel acid oil (PKAO), palm stearin (PS), crude palm oil (CPO), palm acid oil (PAO) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD)], fatty acids and various glycerol by-products into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)]. Up to 70 and 60 wt% of P(3HB) could be obtained when 0.5%(v/v) CPKO and glycerol was fed, respectively. Among the various fatty acids tested, lauric acid followed by oleic acid and myristic acid gave the best cell growth and PHA accumulation. Compared to Cupriavidus necator H16, the present isolate showed better ability to grow on and produce PHA from various glycerol by-products generated by the palm oil industry. This study demonstrated for the first time an isolate that has the potential to utilize palm oil and glycerol derivatives for the biosynthesis of PHA.