蔬菜残留农药的天然净化剂的开发与研制

以贝壳（扇贝壳和牡蛎壳等）为原料,进行高温煅烧处理,制成天然净化剂,对残留有机磷类农药（以氧乐果为例）的蔬菜样品（小白菜）进行清洗,利用分光光度法进行农药残留去除的测定。研究了反应时间、净化剂浓度等因素对蔬菜残留农药去除效果的影响,并比较了水、氯化钠、天然净化剂的去除效果。结果表明,0.05g/100 ml（5%）天然净化剂在洗涤5 min时,去除效果最好,去除率高达76.47%,其去除效果均高于同浓度的水和氯化钠。     

生物制药（品）废水的灭活与处理

介绍采用物理加热消毒灭菌及好氧接触氧化法在昆明某医学生物学研究所处理生物制药（疫苗）生产废水及生活污水应用情况。在生物制药（特别是减毒活疫苗）生产废水中通常含有病原性微生物,如细菌、病毒等,须经消毒灭菌处理后才能排入污水处理系统。首先,根据相关病毒的致死温度,采用加热法将减毒活疫苗生产废水中的病毒杀死;然后,灭活后的废水排入生物接触氧化处理系统与生活污水混合后进行处理;最后,氯消毒后达标排放或进行中水回用。本文为生物制药废水的处理提供了一定参考价值。     

稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制与效益分析——以湖南为例

以湖南为例从分散蓄水与扩容蓄水、即时蓄水与重复蓄水、分级截流与设阻截流等角度,分析了稻田养鱼的生态防灾机制,得出湖南宜鱼稻田87.0万hm2,以蓄水30cm计算可蓄存107.9亿m3.通过重复蓄水、设阻蓄水,接纳多次降雨洪水,调节水分时空分布,创造减灾避灾的人工生态防灾系统,形成多物种共生共存的农田湿地生态系统,提高农田生态经济效益.     

浅谈境外石油工程项目HSE管理

结合油田境外石油工程施工情况,介绍了境外石油工程项目HSE管理特点、运行中存在的主要问题及解决的方法。     

Secondary organic carbon quantification and source apportionment of PM10 in Kaifeng, China

During 2005, the filter samples of ambient PM₁₀ from five sites and the source samples of particulate matter were collected in Kaifeng, Henan Province of China. Nineteen elements, water-soluble ions, total carbon (TC) and organic carbon (OC) contained in samples were analyzed. Seven contributive source types were identified and their contributions to ambient PM₁₀ were estimated by chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. Weak associations between the concentrations of organic carbon and element carbon (EC) were observed during the sampling periods, indicating that there was secondary organic aerosol pollution in the urban atmosphere. An indirect method of “OC/EC minimum ratio” was applied to estimate the concentration of secondary organic carbon (SOC). The results showed that SOC contributed 26.2%, 32.4% and 18.0% of TC in spring, summer-fall and winter, respectively, and the annual average SOC concentration was 7.07 μg/m³, accounting for 5.73% of the total mass in ambient PM₁₀. The carbon species concentrations in ambient PM₁₀ were recalculated by subtracting SOC concentrations from measured concentrations of TC and OC to increase the compatibility of source and receptor measurements for CMB model.     

TiO_2/SiO_2复合体光催化降解染料废水的试验

通过光催化剂TiO2／SiO2的复合体处理染料废水的模拟实验,讨论了Si／Ti比值、pH值和焙烧温度,对处理模拟染料废水效能的影响。结果表明：在焙烧温度为700℃条件下制得的Si／Ti比值为1：7的TiO2/SiO2复合体,pH值为9时,光催化降解模拟有机染料废水的效果最佳。     

A steam dried municipal solid waste gasification and melting process

Considering high-moisture municipal solid waste (MSW) of China, a steam dried MSW gasification and melting process was proposed, the feasibility was tested, and the mass and energy balance was analyzed. Preliminary experiments were conducted using a fixed-bed drying apparatus, a 200 kg per day fluidized-bed gasifier, and a swirl melting furnace. Moisture percentage was reduced from 50% to 20% roughly when MSW was dried by slightly superheated steam of 150°C–350°C within 40 min. When the temperature was less than 250°C, no incondensable gas was produced during the drying process. The gasifier ran at 550°C–700°Cwith an air equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.2–0.4. The temperature of the swirl melting furnace reached about 1240°C when the gasification ER was 0.3 and the total ER was 1.1. At these conditions, the fly ash concentration in the flue gas was 1.7 g·(Nm³)⁻¹, which meant over 95% fly ash was trapped in the furnace and discharged as slag. 85% of Ni and Cr were bound in the slag, as well as 60% of Cu. The mass and energy balance analysis indicates that the boiler heat efficiency of an industrial MSW incineration plant reaches 86.97% when MSW is dried by steam of 200°C. The boiler heat efficiency is sensitive to three important parameters, including the temperature of preheated MSW, the moisture percentage of dried MS Wand the fly ash percentage in the total ash.     

舟曲“8．7”泥石流的特征及其防治措施初探

2010年8月7日晚,舟曲县城发生特大泥石流灾害,导致了巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。文章从地质构造、地形地貌、新构造运动与地震、气象和水系水文条件等五方面阐述了舟曲县自然环境整体背景,并分析了此次“8．7”泥石流形成的地形、物源和水源条件,总结了“8．7”泥石流的特征。在此基础上,为舟曲灾后重建提出了工程措施与生态措施相结合的防治建议。     

某聚酯装置职业病危害因素对工人健康影响分析

目的探讨聚酯专用料装置职业病危害因素与作业工人健康的关系,并采取必要措施减少各类职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查对某聚酯专用料装置职业病危害因素进行识别,依据作业场所各类职业病危害因素健康效应、现场检测浓度和强度,结合作业人员近3年职业健康检查结果进行综合对照分析。结果作业现场各类化学危害因素检测浓度均符合国家限值标准,噪声检测强度超出限值要求;近3年职业健康结果表明,听力下降人数有逐年增加趋势,血压升高和肝功能异常人数增加。结论作业工人听力下降受噪声影响较明显,乙醛、乙二醇、联苯、噪声等职业病危害因素对作业工人肝功能和血压可能产生影响。     

天津市居民生活消费CO2排放估算分析

根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)碳排放计算指南(2006年版)中的计算公式和CO2排放系数缺省值,以居住综合消费碳排放、叠加交通消费碳排放计算模型为基础,应用碳排放系数法估算了2006~2008年天津市居民人均生活消费CO2排放量及其在总的能源消耗CO2排放量中所占比例.结果表明,2006~2008年天津市居民生活消费CO2排放量呈逐年上升趋势,2008年的排放量比2006年增加了13.7%.居民生活消费CO2排放在总的能源消耗CO2排放中所占比例整体呈上升趋势,并从产业结构和能源消费结构两个角度分析了导致这一现象的原因.