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Deng H Ge L Xu T Zhang M Wang X Zhang Y Peng H 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(6):1730-1736
Microorganisms are an integral part of the biogeochemical processes in wetlands. To improve the performance of constructed wetlands, it is very important to know the metabolic properties and functional diversity of the microbial communities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the metabolic properties and functional diversity of the microbial community in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland (CW) in a laboratory study through the sole-carbon-source utilization profiles using Biolog-ECO microplates. The technique has advantages over traditional cell culture techniques, such as molecular-level techniques-RNA amplification, which are time-consuming, expensive, and only applicable to the small number of species that may be cultured. This CW was designed to treat rural eutrophic water in China, using the plant L. This study showed that the metabolic activities of upper front substrate microorganisms (UF) were greater than those of the lower back substrate microorganisms (LB) in the CW. Integrated areas under average well color development (AWCD) curves of substrate microorganisms in the UF were 131.9, 4.8, and 99.3% higher than in the lower front part (LF), the upper back part (UB), and the LB part of the CW, respectively. Principal components analysis showed significant differences in both community structure and metabolic utilization of carbon sources between substrate microorganisms from different sampling sites. Carbon source utilization of polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids was higher in UF than in LF, but that of amines and phenolic compounds was very similar in UF and LF. The richness, evenness, and diversity of upper substrate microbial communities were significantly higher than those of lower substrate. The LF substrate microbial communities had lower evenness than the other sampling plots, and the lowest richness of substrate microbial community was found in the LB part of the CW. 相似文献
965.
Jinxue Luo Jinsong Zhang Xiaohui Tan Diane McDougal Guoqiang Zhuang Anthony G. Fane Staffan Kjelleberg Yehuda Cohen Scott A. Rice 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Biofilmformation, one of the primary causes of biofouling, results in reducedmembrane flux or increased transmembrane pressure and thus represents a major impediment to the wider implementation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies for water purification. Most studies have focused on the role of bacteria in membrane fouling as they are the most dominant and best studied organisms present in the MBR. In contrast, there is limited information on the role of the archaeal community in biofilm formation in MBRs. This study investigated the composition of the archaeal community during the process of biofouling in an MBR. The archaeal community was observed to have lower richness and diversity in the biofilmthan the sludge during the establishment of biofilms at low transmembrane pressure (TMP). Clustering of the communities based on the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix indicated that a subset of the sludge archaeal community formed the initial biofilms. The archaeal community in the biofilm was mainly composed of Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata, Thermococci, Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia and Halobacteria. Among them, the Thermoprotei and Thermoplasmata were present at higher relative proportions in the biofilms than they were in the sludge. Additionally, the Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata and Thermococci were the dominant organisms detected in the initial biofilms at low TMP, while as the TMP increased, the Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia, Aciduliprofundum and Halobacteria were present at higher abundances in the biofilms at high TMP. 相似文献
966.
放电等离子体降解三氯乙烯 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
采用2种放电方式和2种反应器对三氯乙烯进行降解,脉冲放电和交流放电均对三氯乙烯有较好的降解效果,且电压越高降解率越大.对脉冲放电,当气体停留时间为15s、三氯乙烯初始浓度1350mg/m3、电压42kV时空腔式反应器对三氯乙烯的降解率接近100%;对交流放电,使用32kV的电压可使降解率达98%,且频率越高降解效果越好.与脉冲放电相比,交流放电的功率消耗量大、能量利用率低,且填充式反应器的能量利用率也低于空腔式反应器.对于空腔式反应器,三氯乙烯降解率达80%时所需的脉冲和交流放电能量消耗分别为4.9W·h/m3和116W·h/m3. 相似文献
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为系统揭示生活垃圾分类和末端处置匹配对全过程管理环境效益的改善,按照张家港市日均生活垃圾产量1850 t计,基于生命周期评价方法和实测垃圾组分数据,通过测算污染物排放的直接总环境影响潜值和电能回收量折算后的总环境影响潜值,分析和预测了垃圾分类典型情况和不同末端处置能力匹配情景下的张家港市生活垃圾处置环境效益.垃圾分类后厨余垃圾的平均厨余组分质量占比(厨余垃圾纯度,95%)较未分类小区(66%)提高了29个百分点,其他垃圾中的厨余组分质量占比(41%)则降低了25个百分点.末端处置能力现状情景下,厨余垃圾分出量为150 t·d-1时,直接总环境影响潜值随厨余垃圾纯度提高逐渐降低,较垃圾未分类时(3.41×10-10,以PET2000计,下同)减少约10%;厨余垃圾分出量大于150 t·d-1时,厨余垃圾分出量和纯度不断提高,分流厨余垃圾的填埋处置将导致污染排放增多,直接总环境影响潜值逐渐增加.生活垃圾处置环境效益的提升不仅依靠分类效果的改善,也依靠末端处置能力的匹配.末端处置能力规划情景下,生活垃圾分类后直接总环境影响潜值(1.73×10-10~2.40×10-10)均低于末端处置能力现状情景.厨余垃圾处置能力充足,相同厨余垃圾纯度下,直接总环境影响潜值随厨余垃圾分出量增加而降低.末端处置能力现状情景下电能回收量折算后的总环境影响潜值为-0.89×10-10~-0.39×10-10,高于末端处置能力规划情景(-2.13×10-10~-1.82×10-10).结果表明,末端处置能力按规划扩建后,垃圾分类效果持续提升利于提高全过程管理的环境效益.从全过程角度协同提升垃圾分类效果与末端处置能力匹配程度,能有力改善环境效益. 相似文献
970.
湘南4个矿区稻田As污染状况的初步调查 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过实地调查以及土壤和水稻样品分析,研究了湘南郴州柿竹园铅锌矿、郴州界牌岭锡多金属矿、衡阳水口山有色金属矿、衡阳龙王山金矿4个矿区稻田的As污染状况.结果表明:4个矿区的稻田土壤和水稻植株均已受到严重的As污染.矿区稻田土壤As含量范围为30.0~225.7mg·kg-1,超过国家土壤环境质量3级标准;水稻根系、秸秆、谷壳、糙米As含量范围分别为115.6~588.2、4.19~20.88、1.388~5.374、0.214~0.892mg·kg-1,除部分糙米样品外,均超过我国食品中As限量卫生标准.矿区稻田土壤同时受到As和重金属的复合污染,综合污染指数(P)范围为0.76~13.12.矿区稻田的As污染主要由矿产的开采和冶炼造成,其中,水口山有色金属矿区和龙王山金矿区As污染以及As和重金属复合污染最为严重,柿竹园铅锌矿区污染面积较大,界牌岭锡多金属矿区由于发生过地质灾害改变了地表面貌,污染情况更为复杂. 相似文献