Remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with membrane separation techniques

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ (ＶＯＣｓ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｖｅｍａｊｏｒｐｒｉｍａｒｙｇａｓｏｕｓｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ(ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｓ,ＳＯｘ ,ＮＯｘ ,ＶＯＣｓ,ＣＯ) ,ｉｎｗｈｉｃｈ 31ＶＯＣｓｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｂｅｎｚｅｎｅ,ａｃｒｏｌｅｉｎａｎｄａｌｉｐｈａｔｉｃ ,ａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｈａｌｏｇｅｎａｔｅｄｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓａｒｅｌｉｓｔｅｄｉｎａｌｌ 1 2 9ｐｒｉｏｒｉｔｙｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｂｙｔｈｅＥｎｖ…     

沉积物粒度对重金属吸附的影响

本文报道了渭河沉积物对重金属的吸附特性.结果表明,渭河沉积物吸附重金属的粒度效应决定于不同粒度沉积物的物质构成和颗粒表面特性,该效应是由沉积物对重金属的吸附速率的差别来体现的.不同粒度所决定的颗粒比表面积的差异不是影响重金属吸附粒度效应的主要因素.     

Determination of the required surface area of a final clarifier for an activated-sludge system.

A generic methodology for determining the required surface area of a final clarifier is presented. Clarification and thickening requirements are integrated to form a unified procedure for final clarifier design. The new method is based on results obtained by Yuen (2002) on the solids flux theory for a secondary clarifier; it does not require the specification of recycle rate, which is computed as an output of the method. The author shows that there is a minimum required surface area (A(m)) for a final clarifier under the thickening requirement when the designed recycle rate is set at the maximum allowable value (FR)m (at the critical state). The designed surface area and the return activated sludge pumping capacity can be determined by applying a safety factor to A(m) and (FR)m, respectively. The method is shown to conform to conventional design criteria under typical design conditions.     

活性炭纤维在机动车尾气净化中的研究与应用展望

机动车尾气净化控制的一个难点在于冷启动阶段，此时由于温度较低，催化剂尚未完全起作用，导致排出的污染物浓度较高。阐述了活性炭纤维的基本特性，特别是其低温吸附与催化性能对NO和CO的转化作用，讨论了活性炭纤维作为机动车尾气净化材料所需的改性及方法，并展望了其应用前景。     

用沸石处理含铬废水的试验研究

对用沸石处理含铬废水进行了试验研究，探讨了沸石用量、废水酸度、接触时间等因素对除铬效果的影响，结果表明：当废水ｐＨ≥４，Ｃｒ３＋≤３００ｇｍ／Ｌ时，按铬与沸石量比１∶５００投加沸石进行处理，铬去除率大于９９％，出水可达排放标准。     

微波-化学方法除去原煤无机硫的穆斯堡尔谱研究

采用~(17)Fe穆斯堡尔谱学方法研究原煤中无机硫的形态和微波-化学方法脱硫的机理和规律.结果表明,煤中无机硫主要以黄铁矿形式存在.低铁硫酸盐则是原煤风化程度的一种表征;微波选择性介质加热,导致煤中黄铁矿与煤组分进行原位热化学反应,产生能溶于稀盐酸的铁硫化合物Fe_(1-x)S_x(0相似文献   

Modeling the probability of freeway lane-changing collision occurrence considering intervehicle interaction

Objective: To better capture the relationships between lane-changing collisions and explanatory variables, a microscopic model is developed for freeway lane-changing collisions based on the interactions between lane-changing vehicles.

Methods: The model applies an intervehicle interaction structure to account for the occurrence mechanism of lane-changing collisions. The occurrence mechanism can be described as the failure of a vehicle driver of an adjacent lane in avoiding the lane-changing vehicle, which disturbs the smooth movement of the adjacent lane vehicle and requires the driver's brake action to avoid an angle collision. This model is examined using data collected from freeways in Washington State during 2010 to 2011 and validated using lane-changing collision data for the SR 520 freeway.

Results: The findings of this study show that generalized truck percentage has a significant decreasing effect on lane-changing collision risk, whereas average spacing and several roadway characteristics have significant increasing effects. The frequency of slight collisions during peak hours is higher than that during off-peak hours. Young female drivers are more likely to be involved in collisions during lane-changing than young male drivers, but the result for senior drivers is opposite, with older male drivers having a higher probability of lane-changing collisions than female drivers in the same age group.

Conclusion: The process of lane-changing collisions is a complicated maneuver. Truck percentage, average spacing, and good roadway characteristics, such as straight and level segment, in the target lane have a significant effect on the occurrence of lane-changing collisions. Age and gender are also 2 important factors contributing to the relationship between lane-changing collisions and explanatory variables.     

探究性教学在大学语文课程中的运用——以讲授苏轼《水调歌头》一课为例

《大学语文》作为高职高专的一门公共基础课,因其丰富的人文内蕴、情感价值和审美趣味而承担了进一步提高大学生人文素质、增进文化修养的功能,从而培养大学生具有深厚人文精神的理想人格。在《大学语文》教学活动中开展探究性教学,既是教育改革全面实施素质教育的客观要求,也是大学生自我提升的内在需要。以讲授苏轼的《水调歌头·明月几时有》一课为例,阐述如何在高职高专《大学语文》课程的教学活动中引导和组织学生开展探究性教学。     

Performance of the supported copper oxide catalysts for the catalytic incineration of aromatic hydrocarbons

A fixed bed reactor was used to assess the catalytic incineration of toluene by various transition-metal oxide species supported on gamma-Al(2)O(3). CuO/gamma-Al(2)O(3) was found to be the most active of seven catalysts investigated. The CuO species, with a Cu content of 5% (wt), was hence used with four different supports (CeO(2), gamma-Al(2)O(3), TiO(2) and V(2)O(5)) in order to define the optimal combination. Results of the catalytic incineration of toluene, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, oxygen-temperature programmed desorption (O(2)-TPD), toluene-temperature programmed desorption (toluene-TPD) and hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction (H(2)-TPR) showed that CuO/CeO(2) was the most active catalyst, followed by CuO/gamma-Al(2)O(3). The activity of CuO/CeO(2) with respect to the VOC molecule was observed to follow this sequence: toluen>p-xylene>benzene. The addition of water vapor or CO(2) significantly inhibited the activity of the CuO/CeO(2) and CuO/gamma-Al(2)O(3) catalysts. The inhibiting effect of both was reversible for CuO/gamma-Al(2)O(3). For CuO/CeO(2), the inhibiting effect of CO(2) was reversible and even insignificant at a higher temperature (220 degrees C), but the effect of H(2)O vapor was somewhat irreversible at lower incineration temperatures (220 degrees C). For complete oxidation of toluene, the required reaction temperature increased with gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and toluene inlet concentration.     

A historical perspective of river basin management in the Pearl River Delta of China

Three innovations in water and soil conservancy technology in the Pearl River Delta of South China, i.e., dike building, land reclamation, and dike-pond systems, were examined from a historical perspective. They were found to best reflect local farmers' efforts to cope with the challenges of various water disasters and to build a harmonious relationship with the changed environment. These technologies were critical to the agricultural success and sustainability over the past 2000 years, and reflected local farmers' wisdom in balancing land use and environmental conservation. Imprudent use of a new agricultural technology could damage the environment, and could disturb the human-environment relationship, as evidenced by the more frequent flooding that followed inappropriate dike building and premature reclamation. It is suggested that as the urbanization and industrialization process in the delta region continues, the kind of thinking that made the water and soil conservancy sustainable needs to be incorporated into the design of similar technologies for water use and river basin management today.