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151.
Low temperature limits the rate of biochemical reactions and aerobic scopes of cold water ectotherms. To compensate for this
limiting effect, animals living in cold environments often possess physiological or morphological adaptations to maintain
vital functions. Cross-latitudinal comparison of aerobic capacities is one method to test which factors constrain activity
in thermally distinct environments particularly when congeneric studies are carried out on related species with conservative
ecology and habitat. Burrowing is a major aerobic activity of bivalve molluscs that is described here for the first time for
the tropical mangrove species Laternula truncata and Laternula boschasina and then compared with their Antarctic congener Laternula elliptica. About 80% of L. truncata (16.3–46.1 mm shell length) and 63% of L. boschasina (11.3–27.7 mm shell length) buried within 24 h at 28°C. The burrowing rate index (BRI = [3√wet weight/time to bury]×104) ranged between 1.1 and 20.2 for L. boschasina and 1.1–32.9 for L. truncata. These values are 2–3 orders of magnitude less than other tropical bivalve molluscs and are amongst the lowest recorded for
any bivalve. Comparisons with the Antarctic L. elliptica showed little or no differences in BRI (Q
10 of 1.0–1.2 for specimens of the same size). This is contrary to the general pattern over a wide range of bivalves, where
BRI increases with a Q
10 of between 2.9 and 6.4 between high latitudes and the equator. L. elliptica has 25–30% longer relative foot length than tropical congeners of the same size, which could be a morphological adaptation
compensating for reduced burrowing speeds in a colder environment. Burrowing rates within the genus Laternula could, however, also be maintained by differing habitat, ecological and physiological constraints on burrowing capability. 相似文献
152.
Guohua Su Yelin Huang Fengxiao Tan Xiaowei Ni Tian Tang Suhua Shi 《Marine Biology》2007,150(3):321-328
Mangrove forests, with their ecological significance and economic benefits, are vital inter-tidal wetland ecosystems. Lumnitzera littorea (Combreataceae) is a non-viviparous mangrove distributed in tropical Asia and North Australia. Due to natural and human impacts, populations of this species have been isolated, fragmented, and highly disturbed. In China, L. littorea is an endangered species, restricted to small regions of Hainan Island. The genetic composition of five populations of this species from the Indo-West Pacific (South China, Malay Peninsula, Sri Lanka, North Australia) was assessed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) makers. At the species level, expected mean heterozygosity (He) was 0.240 with 75.6% of loci polymorphic (P). However, genetic variation was much lower at the population level (P = 37.1%, He = 0.118). A high coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.515) and low level of gene flow (Nm = 0.470) indicated significant genetic differentiation among populations. AMOVA also indicated that more than half the total variation (58.4%) was partitioned among populations. The high degree of differentiation observed among populations emphasizes the need for appropriate conservation measures that incorporate additional populations into protected areas, and achieve the restoration of separate, degraded populations. 相似文献
153.
基于CVM方法分析牧民对禁牧政策的受偿意愿——以锡林郭勒草原为例 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
确定居民对生态措施实施的受偿意愿,对目前迫切需要的生态补偿政策制定以及生态恢复和保护的有效性具有重要的现实意义。选用锡林郭勒草原为案例区域,通过入户调查及在那达慕大会集中调查相结合的方式,调查锡林郭勒草原地区牧民对禁牧措施的态度和受偿意愿。分析结果显示:53%的牧民愿意参加禁牧,而不愿意参加禁牧主要是由于补偿标准不合理引起的。计量经济学模型分析表明,牧民对禁牧的支持态度与牧民的收入和草地面积呈正相关,与养羊数量呈负相关。牧民的受偿意愿由牧民养羊数量、受教育年限、草地现状以及对禁牧政策的支持程度决定。根据意愿调查法初步估算锡林郭勒草原地区禁牧措施实施后牧民的补偿意愿,牧民家庭对禁牧政策的平均受偿意愿为每年每户2.7717万元,人均受偿意愿为8399元,平均每1hm2草地受偿意愿为85.95元。 相似文献
154.
155.
生物降解途径的理论预测与QSBR研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本文把有机污染生生物降解途径理论预测的结果与QSBR模型中化合物选择相结合,所遵循相同理论生物降解途径作为化合物分组的原则,以分子连接性接数和EHOMO作为结构参数与电性参数,采用逐步回归的方法建立了新的QSBR模型,新模型的预测民实验结果能较好地吻合。 相似文献
156.
Linsheng Yang Peter J. Peterson W. Peter Williams Wuyi Wang Shaofan Hou Jian’an Tan 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2002,24(4):293-303
Associations between the concentration of arsenic naturally occurring in drinking water and the development of skin lesions in people have been documented for some years at various locations around the world. Data on the exposure-response relationship between concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of skin lesions in farmers from five locations in Inner Mongolia, China have been collected from the original publications and re-analysed together as a meta-study. The calculated data show a positive linear exposure-response relationship without a threshold. The reasons for this linear correlation are discussed and compared with the data from Xinjiang, another arsenism area located in a different geographical area of China. Here a different relationship was recorded that involved a threshold concentration before skin lesions developed. The significance of these two different exposure-response scenarios is discussed. 相似文献
157.
158.
城市公共安全规划理论与方法的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
分析了进行城市公共安全规划研究的意义和理论基础,并对了城市公共安全规划的方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
159.
A Study of Plant Species Extinction in Singapore: Lessons for the Conservation of Tropical Biodiversity 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
I.M. Turner H.T.W. Tan Y.C. Wee Ali Bin Ibrahim P.T. Chew R.T. Corlett 《Conservation biology》1994,8(3):705-712
The native vascular plant flora of the Republic of Singapore has suffered the extinction of 594 out of a total 2277 species. These represent local, not global, species extinctions. Coastal habitats, including mangroves, have lost 39% of their species, while inland forests have last 29%. Epiphytic species (62% loss) appear particularly prone to extinction, which is reflected in a similar disposition exhibited by the Orchidaceae. Deforestation and disturbance have been the main cause of plant species extinction in Singapore. The rich mangrove epiphyte flora has been totally exterminated, and a number of tree species are reduced to populations of a few mature individuals. Many more species continue to survive than the species-area relationship would predict given the 99.8% loss of primary forest. This is interpreted as a result of the failure of equilibrium to be achieved yet in the remnant forest fragments, even after more than a century of isolation. Singapore's secondary forests appear to accrete plant diversity very slowly, even if contiguous with primary forest areas. We conclude that remnant fragments of primary tropical forest, even of very small size, can play a major role in the conservation of tropical biodiversity. The patterns of extinction observed in Singapore indicate that coastal and estuarine sites are in greatest demand for development and therefore must be given high priority for conservation despite their somewhat lower biodiversity. Epiphyte and orchid diversity appear to be very good indicators of the degree of disturbance suffered by a habitat in the humid tropics. 相似文献
160.
天津市土壤风沙尘元素的分布特征和来源研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过与土壤标准和背景值的比较分析了天津市土壤风沙尘元素的质量分数分布特征,通过富集因子法分析了天津市风沙尘元素的富集特征,进而说明天津市风沙尘元素的来源及其变化。结果表明,(1)Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和As质量分数均有超过土壤标准的现象。(2)Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn和Ag超过背景值10倍以上,受到了人为污染。(3)粗颗粒中西青区的Pb元素,津南区的Ni元素和Pb元素以及细颗粒中东丽区的Ca元素和Zn元素,西青区的Cu、Pb,津南区的Cr、Ni、Pb等元素达到显著污染级别;各区粗细颗粒中的Ag元素污染级别最高,有的为极强烈污染;这些元素是典型的人为污染元素。(4)粗颗粒中只有Ca和Ni污染级别有所增加,细颗粒中只有Na、Ni、As等3种元素的富集因子略有增加。所以,天津市土壤风沙尘的治理重在控制人为来源的Ni、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Cr和Ca等高污染元素。 相似文献