自我意识的反射—司汤达的爱情和他的小说

爱情在司汤达的生活和创作中都占有极其重要的地位。本文以司汤达的《红与黑》和《红与白》为例,分析司汤达的“自我意识”在小说世界中的映现,将小说中的爱情描写和作家潜在的心理因素结合起来。《红与黑》印证了司汤达的爱情法则,而《红与白》中的爱情则是司汤达本人爱情经历的投射。     

NaOH改性活性炭的表面特征及吸附甲醛的性能

研究了NaOH改性活性炭(AC)的表面官能团变化特征及其吸附甲醛的性能.实验结果表明:改性AC表面的羧基、酚羟基、内酯基等官能团均与NaOH发生化学反应;质量分数为30%的NaOH溶液对AC表面的清洗作用最大,能将AC表面的杂质基本清除,此时AC表面羧基、酚羟基、内酯基和羰基浓度均达到最大;NaOH溶液质量分数为30%时,改性AC吸附甲醛的效果最好;改性AC表面酚羟基浓度的大小与改性AC吸附甲醛气体穿透时间的长短呈正比.     

燃料乙醇行业环境污染控制评价指标体系的构建

在分析我国燃料乙醇行业基本信息的基础上,根据其原料特性、生产规模、生产技术、污染控制措施、环境管理等方面的特点,筛选出合适的指标,构建多层次燃料乙醇行业环境污染控制评价指标体系。运用层次分析法确定指标权重分值,建立燃料乙醇行业环境污染控制评价模型,并选取国内燃料乙醇典型企业进行调研,结合行业现状对该指标体系做出合理性和可行性分析。     

纤维素季铵盐处理活性染料废水

研究了纤维素通过季铵化反应制备的纤维素季铵盐(quaternized celluloses,QCs)高分子混凝剂对染料废水的脱色效果及机理,实验了它和无机助凝剂的联合使用分别对不同pH值条件下的活性染料废水脱色效果的影响。结果表明,在pH值为8至12范围内,QCs的投加对活性染料废水的脱色作用非常显著,无机助凝剂的投加对其脱色率的影响相对较小,但可以提高其脱色反应速度和脱色率。活性染料废水的脱色率可达98.53%,色度可达4倍以下。     

O3/GAC-常规处理珠江水系不同原水简

以东江、西江和北江3种原水为研究对象,采用臭氧预处理-常规处理-臭氧活性炭系列处理,研究原水中有机物的去除及臭氧化副产物的产生和转化。结果表明,东江、西江和北江水中COD_Mn、UV₂₅₄、甲醛和溴酸盐沿各处理单元过程变化规律基本一致;COD_Mn总去除率分别为60%、51%和39%,UV₂₅₄总去除率分别为74%、96%和97%,最终出水甲醛浓度分别为0.004 mg/L、0 mg/L和0 mg/L,BrO₃^-分别为3.1 μg/L、8.7 μg/L和35.5 μg/L;COD_Mn的去除主要在预臭氧和活性炭过滤2个处理单元,预臭氧对UV₂₅₄总去除率贡献最大,甲醛和溴酸盐浓度在主臭氧处理单元达到其峰值（西江甲醛除外）;氨氮和有机物浓度较低、pH值较高的北江原水,出水溴酸盐浓度最高。     

市政污泥深度脱水药剂优化研究简

污泥含水率高影响污泥后续处置。利用化学药剂对污泥进行深度脱水处理可使污泥减量化、稳定化。为提高深度脱水效果,对添加剂进行了种类和添加量的优化研究（石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰;5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%）,另外,还进行了复合投加实验。研究结果表明,石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好;复合添加中,25%石灰+5%粉煤灰,20%石灰+10%粉煤灰,10%石灰+20%粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好。5%的石灰或者工业石灰的添加剂量使干化污泥pH值达到12.25,粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰的添加对干化污泥pH值影响相对要小。     

Estimation methods and monitoring network issues in the quantitative estimation of land-based COD and TN loads entering the sea: a case study in Qingdao City,China

At present, the monitoring network of China cannot provide sufficient data to estimate land-based pollutant loads that enter the sea, and estimation methods are imprecisely used. In this study, the selection of monitoring stations, monitoring frequency, and pollutant load estimation methods was studied in Qingdao City, a typical coastal city in China, taken as an example. Land-based pollutant loads from Qingdao were estimated, and load distribution, density, and composition were analyzed to identify the key pollution source regions (SRs) that need to be monitored and controlled. Results show that the administrative land area of Qingdao can be divided into 25 sea-sink source regions (SSRs). A total of 14 more rivers and 62 industrial enterprises should be monitored to determine the comprehensive pollutant loads of the city. Furthermore, the monitoring frequency of rivers should not be less than three times/year; a monitoring frequency of five or more times is preferable. The findings on pollutant load estimation with the use of different estimation methods substantially vary; estimation results with the use of ratio-based methods were 10 and 22 % higher than those with the use of monitoring-based methods in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN), respectively. None-point sources contributed the majority of the pollutant loads at about 70 % of the total COD and 60 % of the total TN.     

环境空气中PM2.5自动监测方法比较及应用

在PM_2.5监测受到日益重视的背景下,对β射线法和微振荡天平法(TEOM)这2种主要的PM_2.5自动监测方法的工作原理和使用情况进行概述,给出了国内现有β射线法和TEOM法的比对测试结果,对今后开展全面系统的PM_2.5自动监测和研究工作提供参考。     

2005—2010年沙尘天气影响我国城市环境空气质量分析

根据2005年建成较完整的环保重点城市空气质量日报监测网后的监测数据,分析2005—2010年期间,影响113个环保重点城市空气质量的沙尘天气过程次数范围在每年5~14次之间,平均每年10次左右,总计59次。在此期间,影响113个重点城市空气质量的沙尘天气过程累计的影响时间总计130 d,平均在每年22 d左右。影响环保重点城市的沙尘天气过程主要集中在3—5月,在部分年份的1—2月、6月和11—12月也有出现。受沙尘天气影响,113个重点城市总共的超标天次平均每年在332 d次左右,每年范围在147~546 d次之间。其中,受沙尘暴天气影响的重污染天次平均每年在40 d次左右,每年范围在14~78 d次之间。受沙尘暴天气影响的超标天和重污染天主要出现在3~5月。近年来沙尘天气对我国尤其是北方地区的影响程度很大。每年沙尘天气过程对我国城市空气质量影响的时间不短,尤其在春季对我国东中部地区城市造成了很严重的影响,近年大范围的沙尘天气过程还影响到了我国东南包括台湾地区和香港澳门地区。     

Profiles,sources, and transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils affected by electronic waste recycling in Longtang,south China

We studied the profiles, possible sources, and transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils from the Longtang area, which is an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling center in south China. The sum of 16 PAH concentrations ranged from 25 to 4,300 ng/g (dry weight basis) in the following order: pond sediment sites (77 ng/g), vegetable fields (129 ng/g), paddy fields (180 ng/g), wastelands (258 ng/g), dismantling sites (678 ng/g), and former open burning sites (2,340 ng/g). Naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene were the dominant PAHs and accounted for approximately 75 % of the total PAHs. The similar composition characteristics of PAHs and the significant correlations among individual, low molecular weight, high molecular weight, and total PAHs were found in all six sampling site types, thus indicating that PAHs originated from similar sources. The results of both isomeric ratios and principal component analyses confirmed that PAHs were mainly derived from the incomplete combustion of e-waste. The former open burning sites and dismantling sites were the main sources of PAHs. Soil samples that were taken closer to the point sources had high PAH concentrations. PAHs are transported via different soil profiles, including those in agricultural fields, and have been detected not only in 0- to 40-cm-deep soil but also in 40 cm to 80 cm-deep soil. PAH concentrations in soils in Longtang have been strongly affected by primitive e-waste recycling, particularly by former open burning activities.