开滦赵各庄煤矿采煤沉陷土地资源影响评价

采煤沉陷已成为煤矿区危害范围最广、影响程度最大、延续时间最长的一种工程地质灾害,在对赵各庄煤矿矿山地质环境调查的基础上,分析采空沉陷区对土地资源影响特征,并预测采空沉陷区土地资源影响和破坏发展趋势,指出了沉陷区土地复垦规划原则,提出了合理的复垦建议。     

Assessment of a model of pollution disaster in near-shore coastal waters based on catastrophe theory

In this study, a model for assessing of environmental disasters in near-shore areas was developed using a multi-criteria evaluation method of catastrophe theory. The assessment model involved scenarios of eutrophication, pollution with heavy metals and organic compounds. An evaluation system of the model was composed of seven mesosphere indicators and twenty underlying indicators including water chemistry, water physics, water biology, heavy metals and organic pollutants in water and surface sediments. The model was applied to possibility assessment of environmental disasters in different functional regions of the Dalian Bay in 2001 and 2006. Results showed that the environmental disaster indicators in 2001 were equivalent to the Level 4 standard values of marine functional areas, but the eutrophication disaster indicators were lower than the Level 4 standard values. It is consistent with the occurrence of a large-scale red tide in Dalian Bay in 2001. In 2006, eutrophication remained the dominant problem of the region but organic pollutants, such as oil, were reduced remarkably. This coincided with ongoing local environmental-friendly practices for industries.     

产生物表面活性剂耐盐菌的筛选鉴定及其对石油污染盐渍化土壤的修复作用

为得到高效产生物表面活性剂耐盐菌,从黄河三角洲石油污染盐渍化土壤中分离出41株细菌,经测定发酵液排油活性、表面张力和乳化值（EI24）,得到1株高效产生物表面活性剂耐盐菌BF40.通过形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析,确定该菌为沙雷氏菌（Serratia sp.）.通过液体培养试验,研究了BF40的耐盐特性和降解原油能力,并通过室内土壤培养试验研究了BF40及其产生的生物表面活性剂对石油污染盐渍化土壤的修复作用.结果表明,在含5~70 g·L^-1NaCl液体培养基中BF40生长良好,属中度耐盐菌.BF40能有效利用原油,在含10 g·L^-1NaCl液体培养基中培养7d,原油降解率达到56.7%.添加BF40产生的生物表面活性剂或接入BF40能明显促进盐渍化土壤石油烃的降解,修复60 d,土壤石油去除率与对照相比分别提高了24.6%和13.4%.接种BF40能降低土壤溶液表面张力,明显提高土壤脱氢酶活性,更能有效促进沥青质降解.添加生物表面活性剂土壤脱氢酶活性与对照相比没有显著差异,但更能有效降低土壤溶液表面张力,促进饱和烃降解,表明接种BF40和添加生物表面活性剂可能对促进石油污染盐渍化土壤的生物修复存在不同作用机制.     

Co-culture with Enterobacter cloacae does not Enhance Virus Resistance to Thermal and Chemical Treatments

Food and Environmental Virology - Human noroviruses (hNoV) are the primary cause of foodborne disease in the USA. Most studies on inactivation kinetics of hNoV and its surrogates are performed in...     

Nano-selenium controlled cadmium accumulation and improved photosynthesis in indica rice cultivated in lead and cadmium combined paddy soils

Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) are less toxic and more biocompatible than selenite or selenate. However, studies involving spraying with Se NPs for reducing accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in rice grains have been rarely reported as yet. Herein, indica rice seedlings cultivated in Cd+Pb-spiked paddy soils (denoted as positive control) were sprayed with Se NPs sols for four times from tillering to booting stage. Compared to positive control, 50–100 μmol/L Se NPs downregulated Cd transporters-related genes such as OsLCT1, OsHMA2 and OsCCX2 in leaves and OsLCT1, OsPCR1 and OsCCX2 genes in node I at filling stage. Meanwhile, Se-binding protein 1 was distinctly elevated, involving the repression of Cd and Pb transportation to rice grains. Se NPs also differentially improved RuBP carboxylase and chlorophylls especially some key genes and proteins involving photosynthetic system. Besides, 25–50 μmol/L Se NPs diminished reactive oxygen species overproduction from NADPH oxidases whereas boosted glutathione peroxidase, reducing protein carbonylation in rice seedlings. However, the antioxidant isozymes and oxidatively modified proteins were slightly rebounded at 100 μmol/L. Se contents were noticeably elevated and confirmed to exist as selenomethionine in the rice grains following all the treatments by Se NPs. Thus, the optimal dosage of Se NPs for foliar application is 50 μmol/L, which significantly decreased Cd accumulation, improved photosynthesis and Se enrichment whereas caused no distinct reduction of Pb in the grains. Thus, an appropriate dosage of Se NPs can be conducted to decrease Cd accumulation, improve photosynthesis, and organic Se contents in rice grains.     

多溴联苯醚和新型阻燃剂暴露与儿童肾损伤研究

为加强对多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和新型阻燃剂(NFRs)环境健康风险的认识,开展PBDEs和NFRs暴露与儿童肾损伤研究. 选择电子垃圾拆解区儿童(暴露组,57例)和对照区儿童(对照组,57例),开展问卷调查和血、尿样采集,检测血中PBDEs、NFRs、铅、脂肪、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、尿酸(UA)浓度,尿中镉、镍、β₂微球蛋白(β₂-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶浓度. 采用T检验比较两组儿童污染物暴露水平差异,协方差分析比较两组儿童肾功能指标差异,线性回归分析污染物暴露水平和肾功能指标的关联,广义相加模型分析不同污染物对肾功能指标影响的两两交互作用. 结果表明:①暴露组儿童PBDEs和NFRs内暴露浓度(中值分别为230和340 ng/g lipid)显著高于对照组儿童(中值分别为110和160 ng/g lipid),PBDEss浓度与NFRs浓度呈显著相关. ② PBDEs、NFRs浓度与肾功能指标β₂-MG浓度呈显著正相关、与BUN、SCr浓度呈显著负相关. PBDEs与金属的交互作用对β₂-MG和UA浓度存在显著影响. ③ PBDEs和NFRs暴露导致暴露组β₂-MG浓度显著高于对照组、BUN和SCr浓度显著低于对照组,增加暴露组儿童肾损伤的风险. 研究显示,较高的PBDEs和NFRs暴露浓度增加了电子垃圾拆解区儿童肾损伤风险.      

Response of activity and community composition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrite oxidation as the second step of nitrification can become the determining step in disturbed soil systems. As a beneficial fertilization...     

Modeling and verifying chlorine decay and chloroacetic acid formation in drinking water chlorination

This study presents a phenomenological model that can be used by the water professionals to quantify chlorine decay and disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in water. The kinetic model was developed by introducing the concept of limiting chlorine demand and extending an established reactive species approach. The limiting chlorine demand, which quantifies chlorine reactive natural organic matter (NOM) on an equivalent basis, was mathematically defined by the relation between ultimate chlorine residue and initial chlorine dose. It was found experimentally that NOM in water has limiting chlorine demand that increases with chlorine dose once the ultimate residue is established. These results indicated that the complex NOM has a unique ability to adjust chemically to the change in redox condition caused by the free chlorine. It is attributed mainly to the redundant functional groups that persist in heterogeneous NOM molecules. The results also demonstrated that the effect of chlorine dose on the rate of chlorine decay can be quantitatively interpreted with the limiting chlorine demand. The kinetic model developed was validated for chlorine decay and chloroacetic acid formation in finished drinking water.     

Study of a proposed tunnel evacuation passageway formed by opposite-double air curtain ventilation

Subway tunnel fires often result in catastrophes and heavy casualties. To help people evacuate from a tunnel fire, an opposite-double air curtain ventilation assisted tunnel evacuation system (OTES) is introduced. It can be used to create a safe evacuation passageway that is free of smoke through out the length of the tunnel. The performance of the OTES is compared with that of the traditional ventilation systems: longitudinal ventilation and natural ventilation. The effect of the heat release rate, fire source location, and fire detection time are also discussed.This study also shows that compared with natural ventilation and longitudinal ventilation, the carbon monoxide, CO, concentration with OTES is significantly lower. Given the same HRR, the CO concentration values with OTES are only 0.58–2.41% of natural ventilation or 0.52–3.12% of longitudinal ventilation at the back end of the tunnel. An obviously clear evacuation passageway is created by OTES. The effects of changes in fire source location and fire detection time on tunnel ventilation are tested. Also the effect of these changes on the formation of an evacuation passageway by OTES is reported.     

新型高效H2-SCR尖晶石型NiFe2O4催化还原NO

采用柠檬酸配位溶胶-凝胶法制备尖晶石型复合金属氧化物NiFe2O4,以H2为还原剂,在固定床反应器中考察了该催化剂催化还原NO的性能,并借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、比表面积测定(BET)、程序升温还原(TPR)和程序升温脱附(TPD)等方法对样品的晶体结构、形貌等特性进行了表征.结果表明.在空速4500 h-1,H2/NO浓度比为1,温度为400℃下,H2催化还原NO的效率可达97.8%,高H2/NO浓度比对NO转化率提升不大,高空速对其催化活性无明显影响.所制备的NiFe2O4催化剂具有典型的尖晶石结构,颗粒不规则,粒径大约为30—150 nm,并且具有良好的双官能团氧化还原性质.