含砷废渣的固化处理

为了处理有色金属冶炼厂产生的含砷废渣（简称砷渣）,以水泥、粉煤灰、矿渣、黄砂等作为固化材料对砷渣进行了固化研究。确定了砷渣固化的最佳工艺条件：w（砷渣）：50％、w（水泥）=15％、w（粉煤灰）：20％、w（矿渣）=10％、w（黄砂）=5％;砷渣、粉煤灰预先混合球磨10min,加水搅拌后陈化4h,烘干后与水泥、矿渣一起球磨20min,再与水（水与混合物料的质量比为0．175）、添加剂（质量分数为0．05％的添加剂B）及黄砂一起在搅拌机中搅拌6min,然后加压成型,成型后的固化体先放入24℃水泥砼试体养护箱养护14d,然后取出在室温下自然养护14d,养护时间共28d。扫描电子显微镜分析结果显示,砷渣固化体的胶凝状态良好。测试结果表明,砷渣固化体7d抗压强度为8．13MPa,28d抗压强度为14．20 MPa;As的浸出浓度为0．07mg／L,Hg的浸出浓度为0．008mg／L。砷渣固化体的性能达到了国家建材行业标准（JC239-2001《粉煤灰砖》）和危险废物鉴别标准（GB5085．3～1996《危险废物答别标准——浸出毒性答别》）的要求。     

Partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to solid-sorbed nonionic surfactants

The partition of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) into solid-sorbed surfactant has a crucial role in describing and predicting the distribution of HOCs in solid-water-surfactant systems. The experimental results of this study indicated that the partition coefficients of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the solid-sorbed surfactant (Ksm) increased with an increase in the sorption amount of surfactants onto solid and reached a stable maximum value (Km sm) at the sorption of surfactants in saturation state, at which the solid surface was completely covered with the surface micelle (or admicelle). The fitted Km sm values for PAHs with different surfactants were found to have a good linear relationship with the corresponding partition coefficient of PAHs to surfactant micelles in solution (Kmc), and then a model was developed to describe and predict the distribution of PAHs in solid-water-surfactant systems. These results are of practical interest for developing effective and safe surfactant-enhanced remediation technologies.     

江苏省里下河地区湖泊资源动态研究

根据 198 1年的地形图资料和 1997年的 TM资料 ,利用遥感和 GIS方法对江苏省里下河地区的大纵湖和蜈蚣湖水体信息进行了动态监测 ,发现由于围湖养殖导致两湖面积减少很快 ,滞涝库容急剧下降 ,对该区滞洪和航运带来不利影响 ,并直接影响该区社会经济的可持续发展。针对湖泊面积的减少 ,指出了保护湖泊资源和湖区经济可持续发展的相应对策 ,为该区合理利用湖泊资源提供了参考依据     

Tourism’s Impacts on Natural Resources: A Positive Case from China

Tourism development may result in negative impacts on natural resources owing to overuse and mismanagement. However, tourism may also play positive roles in natural resource conservation, which has rarely been verified in practice, although some researchers have demonstrated this in theory. In this article, taking the Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve as a case study area, we conducted an analysis for the environmental impacts from tourism development based on social survey and interpretation of remote sensing images. The results show that the natural environment was not degraded and some indicators are even improving because all the residents have participated in tourism and given up farming and hunting. It is concluded that it is possible to use tourism as a way to balance natural resource conservation and economic development under the preconditions of making effective policies to encourage and help local people participate in tourism business and to benefit from it.     

应用三维粒子轨迹跟踪模型模拟香溪河水藻增殖过程

三峡工程建成后将改变库区的水动力条件,会对库区及支流的水生态环境产生重要影响.因此,本文应用三维非结构海洋动力学模型ELcirc,以及考虑营养物质浓度、水温、水下光照强度和流速等因素影响水藻增殖的粒子轨迹跟踪模型模拟三峡库区支流香溪河的水流及水藻颗粒的输移.同时,采用室内弯道水槽试验资料对模型进行了验证,计算结果表明,验证后的模型可以较为精确地模拟弯道水流运动特性和弯道水流中的物质输移现象.采用验证后的模型研究了2007年9—10月三峡水库蓄水期香溪库湾的水流及藻类颗粒物质输移,结果表明,长江干流水体倒灌入香溪库湾产生回流,藻类颗粒向上游运动,考虑水藻生长过程的三维粒子轨迹跟踪模型可以较好地模拟水藻颗粒的垂向分布及水藻生长的水华过程.     

基于大数据分析与认知技术的空气质量预报预警平台

为深入认识区域大气污染现象规律,完善并提高城市空气质量预报预警能力,提高大气污染治理决策支持能力,开展城市污染成因分析与空气质量预报预警研究是十分必要的。本文针对环境大数据时代下的城市空气质量预报,提出了一种基于大数据分析与认知技术的专业先进的大气环境业务应用系统体系。该体系基于底层统一的数据资源中心,融合各类不同类型的空气质量监测、不同预报系统的产品数据以及基础辅助数据,建立数据汇交、共享、质控管理机制,通过上层预报预警、综合分析、案例分析、应急决策支持四大子系统,从多模式集合预报结合专家调优支撑高性能预报会商应用,从大数据融合时空关联分析深度挖掘大气复合污染特征与污染成因,从多维度历史污染过程和天气形势全自动化认知分析支撑重污染过程研判,从业务化仿真情景方案与污染溯源助力专业应急决策。最后,通过在北京市环境保护监测中心的系统实现证明体系的高性能、稳定性和实用性。     

Occurrence and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and paddy ecosystems of Liaohe River Basin, northeast China

Concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether(PBDE) congeners were measured in river sediments, paddy soils and three species of paddy-field organisms(crab, loach and carp) collected from the Liaohe River Basin, northeastern China. The total contents of PBDEs(∑_(16)PBDEs) in sediments and paddy soils were in the ranges of 273.4–3246.3 pg/g dry weight(dw), and 192.1–1783.8 pg/g dw, respectively. BDE 209 was the dominant congener both in sediments and paddy soils. The concentrations of ∑_(16)PBDEs in sediments were significantly higher than those in the adjacent paddy soils, indicating a potential transport of PBDEs from river to paddy ecosystems via river water irrigation. The biota–soil accumulation factor(BSAF) was calculated as the ratio between the lipid-normalized concentration in paddyfield organisms and the total organic carbon-normalized concentration in paddy soil. The average BSAF values of ∑15PBDEs followed the sequence of crab(3.6) loach(3.3) carp(2.1). BDE 154 had the highest BSAF value, and a parabolic trend between BSAF values of individual PBDE congeners and their log KOWvalues was observed. In view of the fact that crab had the larger BSAF value and higher lipid content, the ecological risk and health risk for crab cultivation in paddy fields should be of particular concern.     

宝山区环境监测预警体系的建设

环境监测预警体系的建设是提升管理能力和环境监测的要求,该体系的实现需要依赖监测体系、预警体系、信息发布系统和相应的应对措施等内容。该系统能全面反映环境质量状况和趋势,准确预警应急突发环境事件,及时提出有效的应对措施。本文根据宝山区的环境问题的现状与特点以及环境监测应对突发环境问题的现状,提出完善各类环境监测网络、健全和完善环境监测技术体系等对策。先进的监测系统将有力地促进宝山区社会、经济、环境的协调发展。     

黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地土壤营养元素空间分布特征

根据植被分布状况,在黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区核心区新生湿地内由黄河岸边至海滩方向布设两条平行样带,研究土壤营养元素空间分布特征.结果表明,黄河三角洲新生滨海湿地表层土壤中TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TOC、TS和TP平均含量分别为419.37mg·kg-1、3.27mg·kg-1、0.87mg·kg-1、3.43g·kg-1、381.27mg·kg-1和500.86mg·kg-1.从黄河岸边至近海光滩区,土壤中TN、NO3--N、TOC和TS含量逐渐升高.TOC、TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N含量在剖面上均表现为由表向下逐渐降低的规律.相关分析表明,土壤中TS、NO3--N、TN含量与TOC含量之间存在着极显著的正相关,土壤含盐量和pH是影响土壤中TOC、TS、NO3--N、TN含量和碳氮比大小的主要指标.