Optimizing the configuration of a clearwell by integrating pilot and full-scale tracer testing

In this paper, the main factors impacting the plug flow pattern of a clearwell were investigated by integrating pilot-scale, full-scale clearwell tracer testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. It was found that pilot tracer testing, full-scale tracer testing and CFD simulation all demonstrated that the correlation between the ratio of t ₁₀/T and L/W can be approximately expressed by: t ₁₀/T = 0.189 4ln(L/W)-0.049 4. This study confirmed that the installation of baffles within clearwells is an efficient way to optimize their configuration. In addition, the inlet velocity has a minimal contribution to the ratio of t ₁₀/T. However, the ratio of turning channel width to channel width (d/W) significantly contributes to the ratio of t ₁₀/T. The optimal ratio of d/W is 0.8–1.2 for maintaining better plug flow pattern. The number of turning channels is one of the main factors that impact the ratio of t ₁₀/T. When increasing the number of turning channels, a lower ratio of t ₁₀/T is obtained.     

螺旋钢管盘制成形的一种新方法

对如何在三辊卷板机上进行盘制螺旋钢管、盘管所用模具及成形工艺作了介绍.     

探索安全监督管理新模式

为了强化油田的安全生产监督管理,胜利油田安全环保处于2004年在黄河钻井总公司等单位开展试点建立了安全监督站,并相继成立了胜利油田西部安全监督办公室和川东北安全监督办公室.2005年,油田主要生产单位也相继建立了安全监督站,初步形成了覆盖油田生产作业现场的安全监督网络.监督站的运行方式是拉网式、全天候对生产作业场所进行监督检查,采用了旬通报、月公报和网上通报等方式,取得了一定的效果,使得油田的安全生产形势有所好转.2005年10月11日,胜利油田安全生产监察支队挂牌成立,标志着胜利油田正式建立起了五级安全监督检查队伍.在此对监察支队的管理和运行模式进行初步的探讨.     

低温等离子体技术处理挥发性有机物

介绍了低温等离子体技术在处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)的研究现状和成果;探讨了低温等离子体技术的发展趋势.     

Optimizing the configuration of a clearwell by integrating pilot and full-scale tracer testing

In this paper, the main factors impacting the plug flow pattern of a clearwell were investigated by integrating pilot-scale, full-scale clearwell tracer testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. It was found that pilot tracer testing, full-scale tracer testing and CFD simulation all demonstrated that the correlation between the ratio of t ₁₀/T and L/W can be approximately expressed by: t ₁₀/T = 0.189 4ln(L/W)-0.049 4. This study confirmed that the installation of baffles within clearwells is an efficient way to optimize their configuration. In addition, the inlet velocity has a minimal contribution to the ratio of t ₁₀/T. However, the ratio of turning channel width to channel width (d/W) significantly contributes to the ratio of t ₁₀/T. The optimal ratio of d/W is 0.8–1.2 for maintaining better plug flow pattern. The number of turning channels is one of the main factors that impact the ratio of t ₁₀/T. When increasing the number of turning channels, a lower ratio of t ₁₀/T is obtained.     

PXW型摆辗机摆动机构运动学问题初探

给出了PXW型摆辗机摆头运动机构的机构运动简图,并据此认为具有多种摆头运动轨迹之摆辗机摆杆轴线上除顶点以外的各点只能是作球面运动,因而以往在摆头运动轨迹分析中将其简化为平面杆系势必引入误差.注意到这一点将有助于摆辗机的结构设计和对摆辗加工中应力-应变的分析.     

炼油污水的深度处理技术研究

提出了一种经济合理的炼油污水深度处理工艺“浮选-生物过滤-臭氧催化氧化-高效过滤”。对辽河石化分公司污水场生化二沉池出水进行了中试处理试验,研究结果表明,出水的主要几项污染指标COD、油、浊度有明显的降低,可达到工业用水的要求。其中COD由原水的70mg／L～180mg／L降到15mg／L以下,油含量由原水的2．5mg／L～5．6mg／L降到0．5mg／L以下,总铁离子由原水的1．5mg／L降到O．3mg／L以下,总磷由原水的1～1．5mg／L降到O．5mg／L以下,试验效果比较理想。     

盐城凹陷凝析油地球化学特征

运用碳同位素、气相色谱、色谱 质谱、流体包裹体技术 ,研究了盐城凹陷凝析油地球化学特征 ,并与永安凹陷永 7井凝析油、下扬子海相原油进行了对比。该凝析油碳同位素为 -2 8 8‰～ 3 0 5‰ ,全油色谱中含有一定的长链正构烷烃 ,Pr/Ph为 1 5 6,三环萜烷含量高 ,伽玛蜡烷含量低 ,重排甾烷含量高 ,C2 9甾烷 >>C2 7甾烷 >C2 8甾烷。石蜡指数、庚烷值表明原油为高成熟凝析油 ,甲基菲指数MPI表明原油为未熟—低熟原油 ,C2 9甾烷 2 0S/ (2 0S+2 0R)值表明原油为成熟原油。这种成熟度的差异可能与不同成熟度原油的混合作用有关。油气主要充注时间为 6～ 1 5Ma。凝析油的主体可能源于泰州组烃源岩 ,凝析油的形成与蒸发分馏作用密不可分     

A spectral power analysis of driving behavior changes during the transition from nondistraction to distraction

Objective: This article investigated and compared frequency domain and time domain characteristics of drivers' behaviors before and after the start of distracted driving.

Method: Data from an existing naturalistic driving study were used. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied for the frequency domain analysis to explore drivers' behavior pattern changes between nondistracted (prestarting of visual–manual task) and distracted (poststarting of visual–manual task) driving periods. Average relative spectral power in a low frequency range (0–0.5 Hz) and the standard deviation in a 10-s time window of vehicle control variables (i.e., lane offset, yaw rate, and acceleration) were calculated and further compared. Sensitivity analyses were also applied to examine the reliability of the time and frequency domain analyses.

Results: Results of the mixed model analyses from the time and frequency domain analyses all showed significant degradation in lateral control performance after engaging in visual–manual tasks while driving. Results of the sensitivity analyses suggested that the frequency domain analysis was less sensitive to the frequency bandwidth, whereas the time domain analysis was more sensitive to the time intervals selected for variation calculations. Different time interval selections can result in significantly different standard deviation values, whereas average spectral power analysis on yaw rate in both low and high frequency bandwidths showed consistent results, that higher variation values were observed during distracted driving when compared to nondistracted driving.

Conclusions: This study suggests that driver state detection needs to consider the behavior changes during the prestarting periods, instead of only focusing on periods with physical presence of distraction, such as cell phone use. Lateral control measures can be a better indicator of distraction detection than longitudinal controls. In addition, frequency domain analyses proved to be a more robust and consistent method in assessing driving performance compared to time domain analyses.     

The impact of UV treatment on microbial control and DBPs formation in full-scale drinking water systems in northern China

To manage potential microbial risks and meet increasingly strict drinking water health standards, UV treatment has attracted increasing attention for use in drinking water systems in China. However, the effects of UV treatment on microbial control and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation in real municipal drinking water systems are poorly understood. Here, we collected water samples from three real drinking water systems in Beijing and Tianjin to investigate the impacts of UV treatment on microbial control and DBP formation. We employed heterotrophic plate count (HPC), flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative PCR analysis, and high-throughput sequencing to measure microorganisms in the samples. Different trends were observed between HPC and total cell count (measured by FCM), indicating that a single indicator could not reflect the real degree of biological re-growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). A significant increase in the 16S rRNA gene concentration was observed when the UV system was stopped. Besides, the bacterial community composition was similar at the phylum level but differed markedly at the genera level among the three DWDSs. Some chlorine-resistant bacteria, including potential pathogens (e.g., Acinetobacter) showed a high relative abundance when the UV system was turned off. It can be concluded that UV treatment can mitigate microbial re-growth to some extent. Finally, UV treatment had a limited influence on the formation of DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and nitrogenated DBPs. The findings of this study may help to understand the performance of UV treatment in real drinking water systems.