过渡金属元素掺杂改性SCR对零价汞的催化氧化性能

为提高商用SCR催化剂对Hg0(零价汞)的催化氧化活性,研究了过渡金属对其进行掺杂改性的方法,并利用固定床反应平台考察了不同试验条件下改性催化剂对Hg0的氧化效率. 结果表明:Y、Zn、Ni和Zr等过渡金属的掺杂可明显抑制SCR催化剂的催化活性,而Fe、Cu掺杂改性SCR催化剂对Hg0的催化氧化性能有显著提升. 在反应温度为350 ℃、空速比为370 000 h-1、φ(HCl)为1×10-5的条件下,Fe、Cu掺杂改性的SCR催化剂对Hg0的氧化效率均能达到90%以上,并且Fe掺杂改性后的SCR催化剂的脱硝性能也未受到明显影响. 借助XRD和XPS等表征手段,对反应前后Fe掺杂改性SCR催化剂进行了研究,表明Fe改性SCR催化剂遵循Mars-Maessen和Langmuir-Hinshelwood机制,可明显提高对Hg0的催化氧化效率,因此,应用前景较好.      

天津市挥发性有机物排放控制标准与污染源在线监控技术研究

大气中的VOCs和NOx在发生光化学反应后不易沉降,易造成大气能见度差等现象.“十二五”期间中国重点区域和重点行业开展了挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染防治工作,依据环境管理的需求,天津市开展了挥发性有机物排放控制标准制定与污染源在线监控技术研发,建立VOCs综合控制指标和苯系物单项控制指标,覆盖全部工业VOCs排放行业,推行VOCs在线监测与无组织泄漏检测,研发监测数据具有代表性和可比性、低成本、安全性高且易推广的VOCs污染源在线监测系统.     

Preparation of various thiol-functionalized carbon-based materials for enhanced removal of mercury from aqueous solution

In this work, biochar (BC), activated carbon (AC), and graphene oxide (GO) were thiol-functionalized using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS) (named as BCS, ACS, and GOS, respectively). BCS, ACS, and GOS were synthesized mainly via the interaction between hydrolyzed 3-MPTS and surface oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., –OH, O–C=O, and C=O) and π-π interaction. The materials before and after modification were characterized and tested for mercury removal, including sorption kinetics and isotherms, the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, and ionic strength. Pseudo-second-order sorption kinetic model (R² = 0.992~1.000) and Langmuir sorption isotherm model (R² = 0.964~0.998) fitted well with the sorption data of mercury. GOS had the most –SH groups with the largest adsorption capacity for Hg²⁺ and CH₃Hg⁺ (449.6 and 127.5 mg/g), followed by ACS (235.7 and 86.7 mg/g) and BCS (175.6 and 30.3 mg/g), which were much larger than GO (96.7 and 4.9 mg/g), AC (81.1 and 24.6 mg/g), and BC (95.6 and 9.4 mg/g). GOS and ACS showed stable mercury adsorption properties at a wide pH range (2~9) and ionic strength (0.01~0.1 mol/L). Mercury maybe removed by ligand exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic attraction.

     

Prediction of Particulate Loading in Exhaust from Fabric Filter Baghouses with One or More Failed Bags

Abstract

Loss of filtration efficiency in a fabric filter baghouse is typically caused by bag failure, in one form or another. The degree of such failure can be as minor as a pinhole leak or as major as a fully involved baghouse fire. In some cases, local air pollution regulations or federal hazardous waste laws may require estimation of the total quantity of particulate matter released to the environment as a result of such failures. In this paper, a technique is presented for computing the dust loading in the baghouse exhaust when one or more bags have failed. The algorithm developed is shown to be an improvement over a previously published result, which requires empirical knowledge of the variation in baghouse pressure differential with bag failures. An example calculation is presented for a bag-house equipped with 200 bags. The prediction shows that a small percentage of failed bags can cause a relatively large proportion of the gas flow to bypass the active bags, which, in turn, leads to high outlet dust loading and low overall collection efficiency from the baghouse.     

大气环境质量模糊积分评价新方法

本文提出了应用模糊积分进行大气环境质量综合评价的具体方法和步骤,并用这一方法进行大气环境质量评价,取得了令人满意的结果。该方法的优点是简便实用,评价结果可靠。     

Crystalline phase evolution behavior and physicochemical properties of glass–ceramics from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Appropriate management and treatment of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant have become an urgent environmental protection...     

Improved biogas production from rice straw by co-digestion with kitchen waste and pig manure

In order to investigate the effect of feedstock ratios in biogas production, anaerobic co-digestions of rice straw with kitchen waste and pig manure were carried out. A series of single-stage batch mesophilic (37 ± 1 °C) anaerobic digestions were performed at a substrate concentration of 54 g/L based on volatile solids (VS). The results showed that the optimal ratio of kitchen waste, pig manure, and rice straw was 0.4:1.6:1, for which the C/N ratio was 21.7. The methane content was 45.9–70.0% and rate of VS reduction was 55.8%. The biogas yield of 674.4 L/kg VS was higher than that of the digestion of rice straw or pig manure alone by 71.67% and 10.41%, respectively. Inhibition of biogas production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) occurred when the addition of kitchen waste was greater than 26%. The VFA analysis showed that, in the reactors that successfully produced biogas, the dominant intermediate metabolites were propionate and acetate, while they were lactic acid, acetate, and propionate in the others.     

高效液相色谱检测青海湖嗜盐菌胞内积聚的相溶物质四氢嘧啶

从20份青海湖水样中,分离获得了35株中度嗜盐菌株.耐盐梯度实验表明:水体中以中度嗜盐菌为主,约占65.7%;弱嗜盐菌次之,约占25.7%;非嗜盐菌与耐盐菌相对较少,约占8.5%.采用80%乙醇法抽提中度嗜盐菌胞内的Ectoine,利用TLC和HPLC分析,结果表明:青海湖中度嗜盐菌中,大多数胞内积聚相溶物质Ectoine;在最适生长盐度下,中度嗜盐菌QHL1、QHL5、QHL10、QHL26和QHL28的胞内Ectoine含量分别为258.6μg·mL-1、325.47μg·mL-1、208.8μg·mL-1、292.31μg·mL-1和295.13μg·mL-1,以此初步获得5株具有Ectoine高产潜力的野生菌株.     

大气污染物等浓度曲线画法初探

介绍一种环境影响评价中大气污染物等浓度曲线的画法，可用于绘制任意接近的等浓度曲线而不会相交或相切，运算量较小且与图形大小无关。