Variations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau: Role of the monsoon system

Monsoon transport is an important process that influences the global transport of persistent organic pollutants. Only a few studies focused on the influence of monsoon on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) levels in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, 19 samples were collected in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet Autonomous Region, using a high-volume air sampler. The average concentrations of α-HCH, γ-HCH, p-p′-DDT, p-p′-DDE, o-p′-DDT, α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan and PCBs (including PCB-28, 101, and 118) were 2.3, 10.3, 3.2, 2.9, 5.8, 6.3, 2.2, and 10.6 pg m^?3, respectively. The weak correlation coefficients between lnp (natural logarithm of partial pressure) and 1/T (reciprocal temperature) were obtained for DDTs and β-endosulfan (r² values ranged from 0.13 to 0.41). However, no significant correlations were obtained for HCHs and PCBs. These results suggested that both local emission and long-range atmospheric transport (monsoon) may influence the distribution of OCPs at Lhasa. In this study, peak concentrations of DDTs, endosulfans and PCBs were found in August, when Eastern Monsoon system occurred. However, the maximum concentrations of HCHs appeared in June (Indian Monsoon is the dominant air circulation pattern). Monthly variation of OCP/PCB levels was likely associated with the different air sources of monsoon system.     

浅谈儿童目动综合症与铅中毒

儿童多动综合症是表现为与同龄儿童相比，有长时间持续的、明显的注意力不集中和活动过度为主要特征的一组行为障碍。国内报道本症患病率为1.3％～15.9％，且以男孩为多见，起病年龄以5～8岁占多数。其临床表现主要为5个方面：(1)注意障碍；(2)活动过度；(3)情绪不稳，任性冲动；(4)认知障碍，学习困难；(5)行为问题，适应困难。本病的病因，迄今仍不清楚，但由于与微量元素关系的研究日渐深入，有人认为血铅增高和低铁与本症密切相关。为此，本文就如何预防儿童铅中毒，减少多动症的发生作一综述。 1 儿童铅中毒的标准 铅是具有导致神经性病症的重金属元素。铅进入人体后，主要从尿中排出，正常人每日由尿排铅约20～80μg。     

京津冀晋鲁区域气溶胶光学厚度的时空特征

利用2000年3月至2013年12月MODIS Level 3遥感反演大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品数据,分析近年来京津冀晋鲁区域AOD的时空分布和变化特征.结果表明:1从时变特征来看,近14年来全区年平均AOD值在0.428~0.550之间变化,年际间变化浮动大,因此多年平均增长率并不高,仅呈微弱增长趋势;以2008年为界可将近14年的AOD变化分为呈明显上升趋势的第一阶段(2000—2007年,增长率为1.349%)以及呈明显下降趋势的第二阶段(2008—2013年,增长率为-1.483%);全区四季AOD多年变化除夏季呈微弱下降趋势,其它3季均为上升趋势,冬季增长率最大;夏季AOD最高,但有回落的趋势,冬季AOD最低,但有上升的趋势.2从空间分布特征来看,全区多年AOD空间分布大体上呈南高北低的格局,河北和山东的西南部为高值区(AOD为0.72),河北和山西的北边为低值区(AOD为0.23),北京和天津则处于中上水平(AOD为0.58);全区四季AOD空间分布呈现出强烈的季节变化,春季较高,夏季最高,进入秋季显著降低,冬季则最低,冬季到来年春季呈跳跃性增高.这些结果有助于京津冀晋鲁区域的气候变化和环境研究.     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在碱性印染废水中的降解

通过静态和动态连续降解实验,揭示了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO,Nonylphenol ethoxylates,浓度6.25~12.5 mg·L-1)在碱性牛仔布印染废水中的去除规律.批式活性污泥实验表明,厌氧环境下,随着p H值的增加,壬基酚(NP,Nonylphenol)产生受到抑制,短链NPEO(环氧乙烯加成数1~3,NP(1~3)EO)总浓度水平虽然只有500~900μg·L-1,却呈现增加趋势;好氧环境下,尽管NPEO总量降解率超过85%,但产生的各种短链NP(1~3)EO和短链壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚酸酯(NPEC,Nonylphenol polyethoxycarboxylate)浓度区间为10~110μg·L-1,碱性环境下两类物质总量最低,不足100μg·L-1.耦合厌氧水解和好氧曝气的连续实验表明,增设填料的厌氧折板水解池出水中短链NP(1~3)EO的总浓度增至4000~5000μg·L-1,这与厌氧环境下一部分NPEO附着在废水杂质和厌氧污泥上,在污泥龄较长的附着型污泥作用下,生成了大量的NP(1~3)EO有关;好氧段出水中NP(1~3)EO浓度降至230~610μg·L-1,短链NPEC(NP(1~3)EC)总量上升到800~1000μg·L-1,NP(1~3)EC由NP(1~3)EO转化来的可能最大.印染出水中NP及NP(1~3)EO受厌氧段出水中NP及NP(1~3)EO浓度影响明显.     

关于新国标GB/T 29510-2013的思考

本文对2014年2月刚生效的新国标GB/T29510-2013《个体防护装备配备基本要求》的一些背景情况及内容做了介绍,主要包括PPE配备基本原则和以作业现场职业危害因素辨识与危害水平评估为基础制定PPE配备方案的工作程序,并探讨了新标准的应用价值,即标准在推动用人单位依据作业现场实际情况开展PPE配备和使用管理中所发挥的作用,和帮助职业健康监管部门监督企业选好、用好PPE,进而落实用人单位保护劳动者健康的主体责任过程中可发挥的功能。     

云南兰坪县城滑坡地质特征及其成因分析

2000年9月兰坪县城发生特大型山体滑坡,造成重大经济损失,采取挡墙、抗滑桩等措施后,北部边坡局部基本稳定,南部依见明显新变形,2010~2013年尤甚。基于滑坡现状特征及区域地质环境条件分析,提出了以隐伏断裂(F2)为界将滑坡区重新分块,能够合理反映滑坡的变形破坏特征,并为类似滑坡地质勘察加强针对隐伏断裂的影响分析具有重要的借鉴意义。通过分析滑坡体地质及变形破坏特征,认为滑坡的成因主要受控于滑坡区发育的不利岩性条件及地质结构面,水~岩作用是导致岩体崩解破坏诱发滑坡的主要因素。     

Disruption of iron homeostasis and resultant health effects upon exposure to various environmental pollutants: A critical review

Environmental pollution has become one of the greatest problems in the world, and the concerns about environmental pollutants released by human activities from agriculture and industrial production have been continuously increasing. Although intense efforts have been made to understand the health effects of environmental pollutants, most studies have only focused on direct toxic effects and failed to simultaneously evaluate the long-term adaptive, compensatory and secondary impacts on health. Burgeoning evidence suggests that environmental pollutants may directly or indirectly give rise to disordered element homeostasis, such as for iron. It is crucially important to maintain concerted cellular and systemic iron metabolism. Otherwise, disordered iron metabolism would lead to cytotoxicity and increased risk for various diseases, including cancers. Thus, study on the effects of environmental pollutants upon iron homeostasis is urgently needed. In this review, we recapitulate the available findings on the direct or indirect impacts of environmental pollutants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals and pesticides, on iron homeostasis and associated adverse health problems. In view of the unanswered questions, more efforts are warranted to investigate the disruptive effects of environmental pollutants on iron homeostasis and consequent toxicities.     

人工湿地应用于富营养化景观水体修复

以某会议中心1号和2号人工湿地为研究对象,研究了人工湿地对富营养化景观水体的净化效果。结果表明:1号和2号人工湿地对COD、TN和TP均具有较好的处理效果,植物的差异对湿地污染物去除效果的影响不明显。TP的去除主要依靠基质的作用。湿地的前段和中段是整个湿地COD和TN去除的主体,且前段的去除率高于中段。     

Assessment of Bisphenol A (BPA) neurotoxicity in vitro with mouse embryonic stem cells

The adverse effects of environmental pollution on our well-being have been intensively studied with many in vitro and in vivo systems. In our group, we focus on stem cell toxicology due to the multitude of embryonic stem cell (ESC) properties which can be exerted in toxicity assays. In fact, ESCs can differentiate in culture to mimic embryonic development in vivo, or specifically to virtually any kind of somatic cells. Here, we used the toxicant Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical known as a hazard to infants and children, and showed that our stem cell toxicology system was able to efficiently recapitulate most of the toxic effects of BPA previously detected by in vitro system or animal tests. More precisely, we demonstrated that BPA affected the proper specification of germ layers during our in vitro mimicking of the embryonic development, as well as the establishment of neural ectoderm and neural progenitor cells.     

超声雾化法捕集气溶胶的试验研究

核设施退役过程,放射性气溶胶浓度较高,需要进行处理,以降低工作人员辐照风险。研究捕集剂配方、雾化通入量等对模拟气溶胶捕集效果的影响,结果表明:捕集剂配方对气溶胶捕集的效果差异明显;粒径越小的气溶胶粒子被雾化捕集的速度较慢;捕集剂通入量在0.06 kg/m3以下,对气溶胶捕集效果影响显著。对等离子切割解体设备产生的241Am、239Pu污染气溶胶进行雾化捕集,初始污染水平为136 Bq/m3的气溶胶经雾化捕集后可降至1.23 Bq/m3,捕集的效果显著。