Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g⁻¹) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L⁻¹. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo° ( − 0.8–4.58 kJ·mol⁻¹), ΔH° (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol⁻¹), and ΔS° (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr (III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (E _a = −7 kJ·mol⁻¹) and the intraparticle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled.     

铜离子选择性电极法研究腐殖酸与铜离子络合的影响因素

采用铜离子选择电极法在不同pH值、离子强度、铜离子浓度条件下测定水样中溶解态腐殖酸与铜离子的络合率,探讨主要因素对络合作用的影响。研究结果表明:随着pH的增大,腐殖酸对Cu2+的络合量总体增大,在实验条件下,络合率可超过94%。溶液中铜离子浓度的增加也会使络合率呈现上升趋势,而溶液中离子强度的增加反而使络合量减少。     

异养硝化/好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其在不同培养条件下产N2O研究

以乙酰胺为唯一碳氮源分离纯化出2株既能异养硝化又能好氧反硝化的菌株XM1和HX2,革兰氏阴性,分别为链状杆菌和球状菌.在富集培养基中,菌株HX2产N₂O量为XM1的76倍;两菌株均能分别以葡萄糖、甘露醇、酒石酸钠为唯一碳源进行生长;也可分别以硝酸钠和硫酸铵为唯一氮源进行硝化和反硝化作用,但菌株XM1生长速率快于HX2,且有较多的NO^-₂积累.部分长度的16S rDNA序列分析表明,菌株XM1与HX2的序列与Pseudomonas sp.具有99%的相似性,定为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）.两菌株27 d反接种培养实验结果表明,在添加外源N的条件下,HX2菌株更适合在30%的土壤水分（WFPS）条件下生长,N₂O产生量为(36.01±2.48) ng/g,为60% WFPS条件下N₂O产生量的1.9倍;而菌株HX1则适合在60%的水分条件下生长,在该条件下几乎不产生N₂O.     

不同温度与压力下瓦斯的吸附-热力学特性研究

为研究不同温度和气体压力下煤岩吸附瓦斯行为及热力学特性,考虑真实气体行为和吸附相的影响,进一步修正L-F模型以量化煤岩吸附能力,通过不同温度和压力条件吸附数据验证新修正吸附模型的适用性.并以此计算煤岩等量吸附热,探讨温度和气体压力(吸附量)对等量吸附热的影响.结果表明,新修正的吸附模型能较好地表征低、中、高气体压力试验范围下的等温吸附行为,且较原L-F模型能够更精确地预测其他条件吸附量.煤岩吸附瓦斯过程中等量吸附热的绝对值随温度和吸附量升高均呈降低趋势,但气体压力处于亨利定律区域时,其对应等量吸附热并未展现出对温度和吸附量的依赖性,该值可作为评价煤岩在低压区域内吸附瓦斯亲和力的唯一指标.     

基于随机Petri网的车车通信可靠性建模与分析

为了更好地评估基于高速铁路无线通信LTE-R的车车通信可靠性,提出了一种基于随机Petri网的车车通信可靠性评价方法.首先,根据车车通信有中继模式和无中继模式通信的特点,综合考虑通信故障引发因素后,分别建立了不同模式下的车车通信SPN可靠性评价模型;然后采用TimeNet仿真工具对有中继和无中继的车车通信可靠性、传输出错等指标进行了量化分析;最后对不同列车速度下基于中继的译码转发DF方式和放大转发AF方式可靠性进行了比较分析.结果表明,LTE-R无线通信系统的D2D通信技术能够提供高可信的车车通信服务,基于中继的车车通信可靠性高于无中继车车通信模式.     

温度作用下混凝土拼接桥梁拼接缝界面剪应力研究*

为探究拼宽混凝土桥梁在温度效应下连接缝位置产生的界面剪应力问题,考虑施工过程中现浇拼接缝混凝土各项参数的变化,以某高速公路拼接桥梁为研究对象,基于初等梁理论提出1种考虑纵向温度应力的拼宽桥梁界面剪应力力学模型。结果表明:拼接缝混凝土弹性模量的改变对拼接缝界面剪应力的数值和分布形态影响较小;新梁和旧梁的线膨胀系数差异越大拼接缝界面剪应力越大;研究得到不同拼宽宽度下拼宽桥界面局部剪切柔度修订值的变化规律,并拟合变化公式。     

土壤修复与重金属回收中的超临界二氧化碳萃取技术

针对应用于污染土壤修复、重金属回收以及核废料处理领域的超临界二氧化碳萃取技术,重点阐述了该技术的国内外研究进展和最新动向,分析了超临界二氧化碳萃取用于上述领域与传统工艺相比的技术优势,并指出了今后应该着力解决的关键问题。     

Distribution and characteristic of PAHs in snow of Fildes Peninsula

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigation in different matrices has been reported largely, whereas reports on snow samples were limited. Snow, as the main matrix in the polar region, has an important study meaning. PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic, as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs. Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride, then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo(a)pyrene. Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them. Three factors (Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene) accounted for 60.57%, 21.61% and 9.80%, respectively. The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation, and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula. The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones. The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk.     

广西南宁发展燃料乙醇与节能减排的关系

摘要：根据生命周期评价,对燃料乙醇的节能和减排效果进行分析,依据发展规划,得出广西南宁发展燃料乙醇对节能减排的影响。结果表明,发展燃料乙醇将在节能和减排方面均产生积极作用,应加大在南宁乃至广西发展非粮燃料乙醇产业的力度。     

石化企业HSE培训实践与工作方向

结合大港石化公司HSE培训实践,探讨了HSE培训工作的重点及发展方向。