渤海重金属污染历史研究

１９７９－１９８５年用大口径静矸取样器采集了渤海２８柱示劝岩心样。采用＾２１０Ｐ年代学方法，通过柱样沉积物稳定天然密度资料获得沉积速度，沉积通量和岩心编年， 此提出了渤海车颗粒沉积物中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ环境背景值，探讨了渤海重点海域和毗邻河口区重金属污染历史。     

pUCD-recA重组发光菌构建及对遗传毒性污染物响应作用

基因重组发光菌在水质毒性的评价中具有重要的作用,本研究从分析污染物毒性损伤的机制出发,构建新型pUCD-recA基因重组发光菌. 用PCR法从大肠杆菌W3110中扩增recA基因,将其与pGEM-T easy载体连接后测序.测序正确的recA片段及pUCD615载体均用BamHⅠ、EcoRⅠ双酶切,连接后电转化导入宿主菌JM109.挑取克隆,提取质粒用PCR鉴定,阳性克隆再进行测序.将构建成功的pUCD-recA载体转化入大肠杆菌RFM443,加入相应的遗传毒性污染物,观察发光响应作用.结果表明,recA基因PCR扩增出的片段为293　bp,测序结果与GenBank中的recA序列进行BLAST比对,同源性为99％,表明扩增序列正确.与pUCD615载体连接后的测序结果表明,recA基因已正确地插入到pUCD615的多克隆位点,方向和读码框正确,重组发光菌载体构建成功.将构建好的重组载体转化入RFM443宿主菌,加入遗传毒性污染物观察响应效果.丝裂霉素C（MMC）对pUCDrecA重组发光菌诱导效果最好,0.01 mg/L即可有很好的响应曲线;N′-甲基N′-硝基亚硝基胍（MNNG）则在50～100 mg/L时可发挥最佳响应作用.     

冬季山谷风和海陆风对京津冀地区大气污染分布的影响

为了弄清冬季山谷风、海陆风对京津冀地区大气污染时空分布的影响,利用2016年12月地面加密自动气象站逐时观测数据和中国环境监测总站发布的逐时PM_(2.5)浓度数据,计算平均风矢量场和平均PM_(2.5)浓度场,分析山谷风、海陆风变化规律及其对PM_(2.5)浓度分布的影响.结果表明,在山谷风日,中午至下午谷风将位于河北太行山东部地区的污染物向北输送.傍晚以后,在北京西部、北部,以及河北太行山山前出现的山风与偏南风构成"人字形"辐合线,辐合线的汇聚作用使北京地区、廊坊,以及保定、石家庄、邢台等地大气污染加重.在海陆风日,下午至前半夜,河北中东部沿海地区出现东南向海风,深入内陆到达天津东南部地区,海风前缘区域大气污染加重;通过对中国科学院大气物理研究所铁塔0～325 m风向风速与PM_(2.5)浓度时间变化关系分析,以及利用Cressman法插值得到的地面风向风速和PM_(2.5)浓度二维格点场,分析北京地区重霾污染过程中近地层山谷风和海陆风对大气污染形成的影响:中午至下午,谷风将大气污染物向北京输送.傍晚以后,大气污染物在山风与偏南风形成的辐合线附近汇聚,在北京地区及以南地区形成PM_(2.5)高污染区.凌晨至早晨北京被山风控制,大气污染物被吹离北京、滞留在北京以南至天津西北地区.冬季,山谷风的输送和汇聚作用使大气污染物以日为周期不断循环和累积,对北京地区至北京以南地区、河北太行山东部地区的大气重污染形成起重要作用.     

Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理焦化废水生物出水的研究

对Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理焦化废水生物出水的方法进行了研究,在综合考虑经济性和去除效果的前提下,提出了反应的最佳条件:H₂O₂投加量为220 mg/L,Fe²⁺投加量为180 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺投加量为4.5 mg/L,反应时间为0.5h,pH=7.最终COD去除率可达44.5%,色度可以降为35倍,出水符合国家污水排放二级标准.同时,通过分析分子量分布和小分子有机物组成,揭示了Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理焦化废水生物出水的污染物变化规律.结果表明焦化废水经过Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理后,其出水可达到国家二级排放标准,并且处理成本相对较低,具有实际应用的前景.     

Determination of hexabromocyclododecanes in sediments from the Haihe River in China by an optimized HPLC–MS–MS method

Hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs),a new type of persistent organic pollutants widely used as brominated flame retardants,have attracted wide attention due to their increasing level and toxicity. A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS–MS)in electrospray ionization mode has been developed by optimization of various parameters,which effectively improved the separation degree and responsive intensity of α-,β-and γ-HBCD isomers. The concentrations and distribution profiles of three HBCD isomers were investigated in sediments from the Haihe River in China.It was observed that the concentrations of HBCDs varied in the range of 0.4–58.82 ng/g,showing a decreasing trend along the flow direction,possibly due to attenuation and biodegradation along the flow direction of the Haihe River. The distribution profile of α-,β-,γ-HBCD was 7.91%–88.6%,0–91.47%,and 0.62%–42.83%,respectively. Interestingly,α-HBCD dominated in most sample sites. This was different from the distribution profile in commercial industrial products,which might be attributed to the inter-transformation and different degradation rates of the three HBCD isomers. The potential ecological risk of HBCDs in sediment was characterized under the two-tiered procedure of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency for environmental risk assessment. Although the HBCDs in the selected section of the Haihe River presented "no risk" in the sediment compartment,its risk in sediment cannot be neglected since sediment is one of the important sinks and reservoirs of pollutants.     

2013—2014年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施效果及对策建议

2013年9月10日国务院颁布了《大气污染防治行动计划》(下称《行动计划》).为研究《行动计划》颁布前后我国不同地区大气污染状况变化及其防治措施效果,通过分析2013—2014年“中国大气气溶胶研究网络(CARE-China)” 36个监测站点ρ(PM_2.5),结合同期环境保护部公布的74个重点城市大气主要污染物浓度数据和OMI卫星数据,分析了我国不同地区ρ(PM_2.5)变化及其原因;同时,以北京为例,分析了不同粒径段中颗粒物质量浓度变化的原因.结果表明:①京津冀及其周边、长三角、珠三角、西南、成渝、西北、华中、关中和东北9个地区ρ(PM_2.5)年均值下降了1.1～16.3 μg/m3.其中,京津冀及其周边、长三角、珠三角、成渝和关中地区降幅均超过10.0%,分别为10.2%、10.7%、11.6%、16.9%和20.8%.②不同地区ρ(NO₂)和ρ(SO₂)年均值变化基本一致,近地面ρ(NO₂)年均值在京津冀及其周边、珠三角、西南、成渝和华中等地区降幅在3.0%～9.2%之间,但是华北平原地区NO₂柱浓度下降明显,降幅在10.0%～20.0%之间.③北京地区ρ(PM₁)和ρ(PM_2.5)年均值分别下降了5.7和0.2 μg/m3,并且ρ(NO₃-)和ρ(SO₄2-)年均值在PM₁和PM_2.5中均有所下降,但ρ(PM_1~2.5)与其ρ(NH₄+)年均值升幅分别为27.9%和16.2%.因此,京津冀及其周边地区在防治措施实施过程中,在控制高架点源与实施脱硝措施等情况下,应逐步加强近地面面源和线源的控制力度;在实施SO₂和NO_x减排措施的同时,还需要重视机动车三元催化过程和燃煤电厂脱硫脱硝过程中可能导致的NH₃排放问题.      

选育蒽降解微生物耦合系统菌株的电融合及融合子的筛选

对选育蒽降解微生物耦合降解系统菌株的电融合过程及融合子的筛选进行研究.结果发现在500kHz的交流频率,脉冲强度300V/cm,脉冲幅宽为5μs,脉冲个数为2,交流电场强度在20～40 V/cm范围内,总融合率较稳定.可以用红霉素和氨苄青霉素的双抗平板来对表面活性剂产生菌与土生优势菌的融合子进行筛选,用含卡那霉素的蒽的高渗平板对蒽的高效降解菌和土生优势菌的融合子进行筛选.2种融合子均可以用绿色荧光来确证.     

跨省水流域突发环境事件应急监测预案分析

阐述了编制跨省水流域突发环境事件应急监测预案的必要性,重点介绍了跨省水流域突发环境事件的特点及应急监测预案的基本要素;明确了处理突发环境事件应急工作中的组织机构、工作职责以及工作程序,通过加强应急培训与演练,确保应急预案的持续实用性和有效性.应急监测预案是突发环境事件防范的重要组成部分,制定并逐步完善应急监测预案,在预案的指导下及时、准确地出具监测数据,是顺利处理跨省水流域突发环境事件的重要保证.     

Evolution of boundary layer ozone in Shijiazhuang, a suburban site on the North China Plain

The structure of the boundary layer affects the evolution of ozone(O_3), and research into this structure will provide important insights for understanding photochemical pollution.In this study, we conducted a one-month observation(from June 15 to July 14, 2016) of the boundary layer meteorological factors as well as O_3 and its precursors in Luancheng County,Shijiazhuang(37°53′N, 114°38′E). Our research showed that photochemical pollution in Shijiazhuang is serious, and the mean hourly maximum and mean 8-hr maximum O_3 concentrations are 97.9 ± 26.1 and 84.4 ± 22.4 ppbV, respectively. Meteorological factors play a significant role in the formation of O_3. High temperatures and southeasterly winds lead to elevated O_3 values, and at moderate relative humidity(40%–50%) and medium boundary layer heights(1200–1500 m), O_3 production sensitivity occurred in the transitional region between volatile organic compounds(VOC) and nitrogen oxides(NO_x) limitations,and the O_3 concentration was the highest. The vertical profiles of O_3 were also measured by a tethered balloon. The results showed that a large amount of O_3 was stored in the residual layer, and the concentration was positively correlated with the O_3 concentration measured the previous day. During the daytime of the following day, the contribution of O_3 stored in the residual layer to the boundary layer reached 27% ± 7% on average.