外接菌种对污泥堆肥效能及堆体细菌群落的影响

以污泥、锯末、蘑菇渣为堆肥原料,分阶段添加高温复合菌和白腐真菌,通过测定温度、pH、有机质、水溶性有机碳、含水率、总氮、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和种子发芽率,比较了外接菌种对堆肥效能的影响.利用高通量测序技术,研究了污泥堆肥过程中细菌群落结构变化及外接菌种对细菌群落的影响.结果表明,外接菌种可以延长堆体高温持续时间,降低氮损失,加快堆体腐熟脱毒.在整个堆肥过程中,细菌群落结构发生了较大的演变,同一堆肥的不同阶段的细菌群落结构相似性较低,同一时期不同堆肥的细菌群落结构相似性较高.外接菌种提高了堆体中细菌群落的丰富度,增加了高温期优势菌的所占比例,但未改变优势菌的种类.典型对应分析(CCA)表明pH对细菌群落结构的影响最大,温度主要与9个菌属呈正相关关系.     

Sediment nutrient flux in a coastal lake impacted by diverted Mississippi River water

The internal nutrient load from bottom sediment to the water column of a Louisiana Barataria Basin lake (Lake Cataouatche) receiving diverted Mississippi River water was determined. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), ammonium (NH₄-N) and nitrate (NO₃-N) flux from sediment to water column were measured. The DRP flux averaged-0.22 mg m^-2 d^-1 under aerobic water column conditions, as compared with that 3.29 mg m^-2 d^-1 under anaerobic conditions. The average NH₄-N released under anaerobic conditions (1.42 mg m^-2 d^-1) was significantly greater than rates under aerobic conditions (-0.02 mg m^-2 d^-1), indicating a strong relationship between nutrient flux and oxygen availability in the water column. The average NO₃-N flux was 2.13 mg m^-2 d^-1 under aerobic conditions as compared with-0.24 mg m^-2 d^-1 under anaerobic conditions in the sediment-water column. When the water column maintained under anaerobic conditions was switched to aerobic conditions, the DRP, NH₄-N, and NO₃-N concentrations in overlying water decreased rapidly over a short period of time. The mean annual internal DRP and NH₄-N load from the sediment to the overlying water was estimated to be 69.26 and 29.9 tonnes (Mg) yr^-1 respectively, which represents a significant portion of the total nutrient load to the Lake. Results demonstrate that the internal flux of nutrients from sediments can contribute a significant portion of the total nutrient load to the water column and should be considered in decisions on impact of nutrient in diverted Mississippi River on water quality of Barataria Basin.     

房地产开发项目环境影响评价内容的探讨

根据房地产开发项目的特点，阐述了房地产开发项目类型、工程概况和施工期、运行期分别对环境产生的不良影响，着重分析施工期扬尘、运行期废水污染情况，以及减绶该不利影响的措施，最后总结房地产开发项目环境影响评价还须进一步探讨的问题。     

Concentrations, sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas, North China

The concentrations, profiles, sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 40 surface soil samples collected from Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas, North China in 2007, and all sampling sites were far from industrial areas, roadsides and other pollution sources, and across a range of soil types in remote, rural villages and urban areas. The total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 31.6 to 1475.0 ng/g, with an arithmetic average of 336.4 ng/g. The highest PAH concentrations were measured in urban soils, followed by rural village soils and soils from remote locations. The remote-rural village-urban PAH concentration gradient was related to population density, gross domestic product (GDP), long-range atmospheric transport and different types of land use. In addition, the PAH concentration was well correlated with the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the soil. The PAH profile suggested that coal combustion and biomass burning were primary PAH sources.     

La2O3—ZrO2缺陷萤石型燃烧催化剂的制备

缺陷萤石型Ｌａ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２固溶体的催化燃烧活性受制备条件的影响，本文通过对其共沉淀前体的表面结构和热分解过程的分析，发现共沸蒸馏的办法可以有效地控制前体表面羟基的缩合过程，减少团聚，保持前体中金属离子均匀分散，为生成缺陷有序的烧结石型的Ｌａ２Ｚｒ２Ｏ７复氧化物提供了可能。复合氧化物固溶体的表面阳离子配置情况与样品的催化氧化性能密切相关，软团聚前体的烧结产物对甲烷燃烧反应具有更高的催化活性。     

ENSO对我国东部极端降水的季节影响

利用百分位法定义极端降水阈值,对我国东部地区极端降水在不同季节对ENSO的响应特征加以研究,并以湿位涡作为切入点从大气性质角度出发分析其可能成因。结果表明：暖、冷年当年夏季极端降水对比显著区域主要在华北地区东部,分别表现为负距平区和正距平区;在暖年次年夏季和春季分布形有相似之处,北方多极端降水,南方分布形势较为复杂,江南地区也有极端降水大值区;次年秋季,与春夏季相比,极端降水大值区主要分布在北方;到了次年冬季,整个东部地区以极端降水负距平为主,冷年次年四季极端降水基本呈相反的分布形势;对应的湿位涡场能很好的反映北方地区尤其是华北地区的大气稳定性,而在低纬度地区还不能作为很好预测极端降水分布情况的依据     

Adequate air volume in working face after mechanical refrigeration

By analyzing the coal mine working face ventilation and cooling cost after mechanical method is adopted for temperature decrease, the relationship between air volume and ventilation cooling cost was established. And through mathematical analysis and specific applications of the model, the reasonable air volume is determined. With respect to the actual conditions of a coal mine, the air volume is figured out. In order to verify the correctness of the air volume by the new method, the Ansys model of ventilation cooling for the working face is established, and the effect of cooling under the air volume is simulated. The simulation results can meet the mine cooling requirement after being applied in coal mine, the cooling effect and the economic benefit are satisfactory.     

共同构建和谐社会的安全生产网

为了解我县相关部门依法履行安全生产职责的情况,最近我县人大常委会进行了一次<安全生产法>执法检查活动,并收到了预期的效果.本文拟就参加这次执法检查中发现的问题,谈谈如何坚持以处理好"五个关系"为切入点,改进和加强<安全生产法>的执法和监管问题,供政府及有关部门研究参考.     

乐山大佛-峨眉山景区的规划与管理

阐述了乐山大佛景区和峨眉山景区的历史概况和管理现状，从乐山市旅游发展总体趋势、国际旅游城市发展趋势、世界遗产保护三个方面分析了乐山大佛、峨眉山景区分开管理的弊端，提出乐山大佛-峨眉山这一世界遗产要成立统一的管委会的观点及依据，最后对乐山旅游景区管理提出了几点建议。     

我国现阶段城市污水处理领域投融资机制问题分析

本文在分析了我国城市污水处理设施建设投融资机制的发展历程和挑战的基础上,提出了在现阶段需要解决的问题,并重点研究了如何为污水处理领域的私人部门参与项目提供资金支持,并保证公平受益以及要根据区域特征明确投融资和污水处理费的政策导向。