基于多源大数据可视化的城市居民区绿地土壤环境监测点位布设及采样研究

为科学合理的监测城市居民区绿地土壤环境状况,对居民区绿地土壤监测点位布设和采样的方法进行研究,包括代表性居民区的选取、监测点采样位置的确定、点位数量的确定等.通过多源大数据可视化手段选取某城市代表性的居民区,对其居民区内绿地土壤重金属(镉、汞、砷、铅、铜、铬、锌和镍)进行监测.结果表明:多源大数据的应用对城市土壤监测布...     

天津市冬季重污染二次有机化学污染特征及VOCs对SOA生成潜势

基于天津市2019年1～3月超级观测站数据,研究重污染期间二次有机化学污染特征.重污染过程期间SOC约占PM_2.5质量的3.1%～3.8%,增长幅度显著高于PM_2.5,二次有机化学反应对重污染PM_2.5有较大影响.VOCs增长幅度较PM_2.5低,可能与VOCs作为前体物生成二次颗粒物而有所消耗有关.乙烷/乙炔比值在2.0以上,但较污染前下降,说明尽管重污染期间气团老化,但活性有所提升.重污染期间VOCs对SOA的生成潜势为0.49～1.21μg·m^-3,芳香烃对SOA生产贡献最大,贡献率大于90%,较污染前芳香烃类SOA生成潜势贡献升幅最大,说明芳香烃类是对SOA形成影响最大的物种.     

高度城镇化地区城市小区降雨径流污染特征及负荷估算

太湖平原是我国城市化快速发展的地区,同时也是水环境问题最突出的地区之一.虽然该区域在国家大力治理下点源污染基本得到控制,但是城市降雨径流污染仍是当前关注的热点问题.为此本文选择了不同类型城市小区开展降雨时径流污染物浓度变化对比实验观测,根据采集的多个降雨场次径流污染数据,采用多种方法计算和分析该地区不同类型小区降雨径流特征并估算污染负荷.结果表明,太湖平原地区城市居民小区的降雨径流会污染河道水质;不同类型城市小区都具有一定初期冲刷效应,商业住宅小区污染较商住私房混合小区轻,但是初期冲刷效应更加明显;太湖流域平原地区商住私房混合小区和商住餐饮小区最佳初期流量截留占比为30%,商业住宅小区则为25%.太湖流域平原地区在全国不同的城市小区中整体污染负荷较高,尤其体现在氮磷污染.该研究对高度城市化地区城市小区降雨径流污染治理有重要参考价值.     

Water Quality Prediction of Water Sources Based on Meteorological Factors using the CA-NARX Approach

With the increasingly serious problem of surface water environmental safety, it is of great significance to study the changing trend of reservoir water quality, and it is necessary to establish a water quality prediction and early warning system for the management and maintenance of water resources. Aiming at the problem of water quality prediction in reservoirs, a CA-NARX algorithm is designed, which combines the improved dynamic clustering algorithm with the idea of machine learning and the forward dynamic regression neural network. The improved dynamic clustering algorithm is used to classify the eutrophication degree of waterbodies according to the total phosphorus and total nitrogen content. Considering four meteorological factors, air temperature, water temperature, water surface evaporation, and rainfall, synthetically for each water quality condition, the total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the waterbody are forecasted by an improved forward NARX dynamic regression neural network. Based on this, the CA-NARX prediction algorithm can realize short period water quality prediction. Compared with the traditional support vector regression machine model, improved GA-BP neural network, and exponential smoothing method, the CA-NARX model has the least prediction error.

     

Composition analysis of PM2.5 at multiple sites in Zhengzhou,China: implications for characterization and source apportionment at different pollution levels

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Zhengzhou is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China. This study collected samples of PM2.5 (atmospheric fine particulate matter with...     

超细Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的制备及其催化甲烷燃烧性能研究

以共沉淀法制备Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ固溶体,在液相反应阶段、干燥阶段和灼烧阶段分别采取快速喷射和加入表面活性剂、正丁醇共沸蒸脱水以及选择适当灼烧温度等手段控制团聚体的生成,制得超细颗粒Ｃｅ０．５Ｚｒ０．５Ｏ２固溶体。     

河岸带中荆三棱的生长特性及其腐烂规律研究

为了了解在河岸带生态恢复中植物的生长及其作用,在中试规模上对河岸带中的荆三棱进行了1 a研究.荆三棱在不同水深区域的生长高度与密度表明荆三棱对水深的耐受性不强,更适合于在浅水域生长.秋季收割与不收割的对比表明秋季收割有利于荆三棱第2年的生长与发芽.荆三棱生物量及其中的N、P在地上、地下的分布表明地下荆三棱的生物量比地上多大约55％,地下荆三棱生物固定的N、P总量分别大约比地上荆三棱生物固定的N、P总量多50％和126％.在河岸带通过收割荆三棱可以分别带走荆三棱所固定的全部N、P的40.5％和30.6％.地上荆三棱经过130 d的浸泡,其重量损失率有27.10%, TN、TP的损失分别为40.80%和76.80%.浸泡植物释放出的污染物基本没有积累现象.     

Chromosomal aberrations and DNA damage in human populations exposed to the processing of electronics waste

Background, aim, and scope  It has been known that the pollutants of electronic wastes (E-wastes) can lead to severe pollution to the environment. It has been reported that about 50% to 80% of E-wastes from developed countries are exported to Asia and Africa. It has become a major global environmental problem to deal with ‘E-wastes’. E-waste recycling has remained primitive in Jinghai, China. This not only produces enormous environmental pollution but also can bring about toxic or genotoxic effects on the human body, threatening the health of both current residents and future generations living in the local environment. The concentration of lead in the blood of children in the E-waste polluted area in China is higher than that of the control area. But little is known about the cytogenetic effect to human beings caused by the pollution of E-wastes. In the present study, experiments have been performed to investigate the genetics of permanent residents of three villages with numerous E-waste disposal sites and to analyze the harmful effects of exposure to E-wastes. Materials and methods  In total, 171 villagers (exposed group) were randomly selected from permanent residents of three villages located in Jinghai County of Tianjin, China, where there has been massive disposal of E-wastes. Thirty villagers were selected from the neighboring towns without E-waste disposal sites to serve as controls. Chromosomal aberrations and cytokinesis blocking micronucleus were performed to detect the cytogenetic effect, dic + r (dicentric and ring chromosome), monomer, fragments (acentric fragments, minute chromosomes, and acentric rings), translocation, satellite, quadriradial, total aberrations, and micronuclear rate were scored for each subject. DNA damage was detected using comet assay; the DNA percentage in the comet tail (TDNA%), tail moment (TM), and Olive tail moment (OTM) were recorded to describe DNA damage to lymphocytes. Results  The total chromosome aberration rates (5.50%) and micronuclear rates (16.99%) of the exposure group were significantly higher than in the control group (P = 0.000). The percentage of DNA in the comet tail, tail moment, and Olive tail moment detected by comet assay showed that there was a significant difference in DNA damage in the exposure group (P = 0.000). The chromosome aberration, micronucleus rate, and DNA damage observed in women were significantly higher than those in men. Chromosome aberration and micronuclear rates of both smokers and non-smokers in the exposure group are obviously higher than that in the control group (P = 0.000). Discussion  The use of outdated (and unsafe) ways to deal with E-wastes can lead to exposure to a variety of substances harmful to human health. The components of pollution may enter the human body through the air, drinking water, and food chain to damage human genetic material, resulting in genomic instability. The rates of chromosomal aberration, micronucleus formation, and the degree of DNA damage in women in the group exposed to electronic waste were significantly higher than in men. The reason for this may be concerned with the traditional lifestyle of the local residents or the difference of sensitivity to the exposure to E-wastes or any others. Further investigations are needed to provide evidence to demonstrate this. Conclusions  Here, we report the obviously cytogenetic toxicity to the exposure population by the E-waste pollution for the first time. E-waste pollution may be a potential agent of genetic mutation, and may induce cytogenetic damage within the general population exposed to the pollution. These findings need to be considered, and steps should be taken to protect the current population and future generations from the effects of pollution with E-wastes. Recommendations and perspectives  The above results remind us that the impact of E-waste recycling on environmental quality of Jinghai should be evaluated soon. Moreover, it is urgent for the government to prohibit E-waste import and its processing by outdated ways. The future studies such as pollutant details of drinking water, air, and soil in the area as well as epidemiological investigations on the harmful effect to children must be performed eagerly. All the data available do provide a compelling case for immediate action in both countries to address workplace health and safety and waste management. Qiang Liu and Jia Cao contributed equally to this study and share the first authorship.     

湿法脱硫中石灰石溶解特性的模型及实验研究

在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫中,石灰石的溶解影响到浆液吸收SO2的能力及吸收塔持浆池的大小.根据传质及化学离子平衡理论,建立了石灰石的溶解模型,并通过实验对模型进行了验证,结果表明,模拟结果与实验值基本一致,模型较好地反映出石灰石的溶解过程;在浆液pH较低的情况下,通过增强搅拌强度,可以明显提高石灰石的溶解速率,而在浆液...