单因素对复合固定化烟曲霉小球去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

利用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠-活性炭粉末制作固定化烟曲霉小球,并以其为吸附介质,在30℃、120 r/min的培养条件下,考察了不同初始pH值、葡萄糖质量浓度、NaCl质量浓度和Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度时固定化烟曲霉小球对模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果.结果表明,固定化烟曲霉小球在中性偏酸环境中对Cr(Ⅵ)有更好的吸附效果,且吸附效率随葡萄糖初始添加量的增加呈增大趋势;NaCl在初始添加量较低时对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果影响不大,质量浓度较高时,则会对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果产生显著影响;固定化烟曲霉小球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效率随Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度的增加呈递减趋势,而吸附量随Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度的增加呈递增趋势.     

炔雌醇和壬基酚在土壤中的吸附-解吸特征

通过吸附动力学研究和批量平衡试验,以炔雌醇(EE2)和壬基酚(NP)为代表,考察内分泌干扰物在3种不同性质的天然土壤中的吸附-解吸特征.结果表明,双室一级动力学模型比单室一级动力学模型更适合描述EE2、NP在土壤中的动态吸附过程.快吸附过程在吸附初期占据主导地位,之后慢吸附室的相对贡献逐渐增大,直至达到吸附平衡.土壤对NP的吸附速率是EE2的2.0～4.7倍.Freundlich模型和DA模型均能较好地拟合EE2与NP的吸附等温线,但DA模型拟合效果更佳.饱和吸附容量与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关,EE2的饱和吸附容量(0.85～7.67μg·g-1)明显低于NP(10.47～110.15μg·g-1).吸附自由能计算表明,土壤对EE2和NP的吸附以物理作用为主.此外,3种受试土壤对EE2和NP的解吸附均存在滞后现象,需要预防其潜在的环境风险,其中有机质含量最高、比表面积最大的土样滞后性最明显.     

Toxicity evaluation of butyl acrylate on the photosynthetic pigments,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and oxygen evolution activity of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Platymonas subcordiformis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Butyl acrylate is a hazardous and noxious substance (HNS) listed in the top 50 chemicals that is most likely to be involved in HNS spilling incident....     

建设项目竣工验收监测中的环境管理现场检查

分析了建设项目竣工验收环境保护监测环境管理现场检查中存在的主要问题,从健全机制体制、完善标准法规、提高监测人员技术水平、加强企业和公众环保教育等方面提出了建议,为建设项目验收环境监测更好地服务环境管理和社会经济提供对策.     

建设项目环境保护设施竣工验收监测中问题的探讨

本文针对建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测过程中,对涉及到的工况控制、污染物排放总量核算等关键环节方面探讨,对存在的问题进行分析,提出解决的方法,以保证科学、客观、公正地做好验收监测工作.     

Role of sorbent surface functionalities and microporosity in 2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether sorption onto biochars

The study provides insight into the combined effect of sorbent surface functionalities and microporosity on2,2 ′,4,4 ′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) sorption onto biochars. A series of biochars prepared underdifferent conditionswere used to test their sorption behaviorswith BDE-47. The extents of sorption behaviorswere parameterized in terms of the single-point adsorption equilibrium constant (Koc ) at three equilibrium concentration (C e ) levels (0.001Sw (solubility), 0.005Sw , and 0.05Sw )whichwasdetermined using the Freundlich model. To elucidate the concentration-dependentdominant mechanisms for BDE-47 sorption onto biochars, K ocwas correlatedwith four major parameters using multiple parameter linear analysis accompaniedwith significance testing. The results indicated that at low concentration (Ce = 0.001Sw ), the surface microporosity term,which represented a pore-filling mechanism, contributed significantly to this relationship,while as concentrationwas increased to higher levels, surface functionality related to surface adsorption began to take thedominant role,whichwas further confirmed by the results of Polanyi-based modeling. Given the above results, adual mode model based on Dubinin-Radushkevich andde Boer-Zwikker equationswas adopted to quantitatively assess the changes of significance of surface adsorption aswell as that of pore fillingwith sorption processdevelopment. In addition, UV spectra of four typical aromatic compoundswhich represented the key structural fragments of biochars before and after interactionswith BDE-47were analyzed todetermine the active functional groups and supply complementary evidence for thedominant interaction force for surface adsorption, based onwhich π-π electron-donor-acceptor interactionwas proposed to contribute greatly to surface adsorption.     

Pre-oxidation enhanced cyanobacteria removal in drinking water treatment: A review

Cyanobacterial bloom has many adverse effects on source water quality and drinking water production. The traditional water treatment process can hardly achieve satisfactory removal of algae cells. This review examines the impact of pre-oxidation on the removal of cyanobacteria by solid-liquid separation processes. It was reported that the introduction of chemical oxidants such as chlorine, potassium permanganate, and ozone in algae-laden water pretreatment could improve algae removal by the subsequent solid-liquid separation processes. However, over dosed oxidants can result in more serious water quality risks due to significant algae cell lysis and undesirable intracellular organic matter release. It was suggested that moderate pre-oxidation may enhance the removal of cyanobacteria without damaging algae cells. In this article, effects of moderate pretreatment on the solid-liquid separation processes (sedimentation, dissolved air flotation, and membrane filtration) are reviewed.     

论环境风险预防原则中的风险阈值

如何把环境风险预防原则确立为环境法的基本原则,一个重要的问题就是"环境风险"的界定。通过对法律意义上的环境风险进行分析,指出确立风险阈值的原因,即我国对"环境风险"的界定不清,环境风险的风险性缺乏法定依据以及不同种类的利益之间存在冲突等,进而从明确环境风险的类型、评估环境风险量度、明确责任归结三方面思考了风险阈值的确立问题。     

大连市环境空气中PM_（2.5）含碳组分浓度特征研究

2013年9~12月对大连市环境空气中的PM2.5、有机碳和元素碳进行连续监测。研究结果表明,有机碳约占PM2.5质量的14.0%,元素碳约占6.9%,有机碳和元素碳的总质量约占PM2.5的21%。一半以上的天数有机碳与元素碳比值超过2.0,说明大连存在二次污染。有机碳与元素碳具有显著的正相关性,相关系数约为0.93,表明有机碳和元素碳可能有相同的污染来源。较大降水能有效降低PM2.5、有机碳和元素碳的浓度,风速与PM2.5、有机碳和元素碳的浓度呈负相关,雾霾天气时,有机碳和元素碳的浓度明显增加。     

低山丘陵区农业景观格局对害虫-捕食性天敌食物网的影响

农业集约化导致景观破碎化、均质化程度加深.景观斑块的组成及合理布局带来的农业景观高异质性是维持区域生物多样性的关键.该文选择具有典型低山丘陵地貌的辽宁省建平县为研究区,在食物网水平上探究区域农业景观格局对生物多样性的影响.选取20个样区,在明晰区域景观特征、分析害虫-捕食性天敌食物网结构的基础上,采用回归分析和最优模型...