中国地下水污染防治的研究进展

地下水是人类宝贵的淡水资源,由于受到人类活动的影响,目前却在遭受着日益严重的污染,地下水污染防治迫在眉睫。通过介绍地下水资源现状、地下水污染状况、污染的途径和污染防治的研究进展,并分析中国地下水污染防治中存在的主要问题,从而提出了完善地下水环境保护的法律法规体系、加强地下水监测网络建设、建立全国地下水污染预警与应急预案、加强地下水污染防治技术攻关的具体建议。     

浅谈生活垃圾卫生填埋技术的应用

通过对我国城市垃圾处理现状的分析,确立生活垃圾卫生填埋技术应用及效果,为其它城市垃圾填埋应用提供借鉴.     

石灰粉料筒仓的改进设计

针对石灰粉料极易在筒仓内结拱、形成空洞及断流的问题,结合石灰物料的特性,开发设计出与石灰粉料流动形态吻合的筒仓,并阐述了石灰粉料筒仓的基本设计方法,包括筒仓流型的选择、设计以及筒仓料斗的设计等。结合酸洗废水处理工程,制造了200m^3石灰粉料筒仓以配合完成石灰粉料的输送,并介绍了石灰筒仓的设计基本参数。     

蒸气云爆炸模型在原油储罐火灾事故中的应用研究

本文分析了原油储罐的火灾爆炸事故特点,介绍了蒸气云爆炸模型中热辐射伤害模型以及TNT模型和TNO模型。选取蒸气云爆炸TNT模型以及热辐射伤害模型对10×104m3原油储罐泄漏事故形成的蒸气云爆炸进行后果定量分析,对事故产生的热辐射和冲击波对人员造成的伤害程度进行了对比分析,得出目标到爆炸源距离较近时热辐射对人员造成的伤害较大,目标到爆炸源距离较远时冲击波对人员造成的伤害较大。     

单因素对复合固定化烟曲霉小球去除Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

利用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠-活性炭粉末制作固定化烟曲霉小球,并以其为吸附介质,在30℃、120 r/min的培养条件下,考察了不同初始pH值、葡萄糖质量浓度、NaCl质量浓度和Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度时固定化烟曲霉小球对模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果.结果表明,固定化烟曲霉小球在中性偏酸环境中对Cr(Ⅵ)有更好的吸附效果,且吸附效率随葡萄糖初始添加量的增加呈增大趋势;NaCl在初始添加量较低时对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果影响不大,质量浓度较高时,则会对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果产生显著影响;固定化烟曲霉小球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效率随Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度的增加呈递减趋势,而吸附量随Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度的增加呈递增趋势.     

Methane emission via sediment and water interface in the Bohai Sea, China

Sediment is recognized as the largest reservoir and source of methane (CH₄) in the ocean, especially in the shallow coastal areas. To date, few data of CH₄ concentration in sediment have been reported in the China shelf seas. In this study, we measured CH₄ concentration in sediment and overlying seawater columns, and conducted an incubation experiment in the Bohai Sea in May 2017. CH₄ concentration was found to be ranged from 3.075 to 1.795 μmol/L in sediment, which was 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that in overlying seawater columns. The surface sediment was an important source of CH₄, while bottom seawater acted as its sink. Furthermore, the net emission rate via sediment water interface (SWI) was calculated as 2.45 μmol/(m²∙day) based on the incubation experiment at station 73, and the earthquake may enhance CH₄ release from sediment to seawater column in the eastern Bohai Sea.     

Synergistic cytotoxicity of binary combinations of inorganic and organic disinfection byproducts assessed by real-time cell analysis

Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone are widely used as disinfectants in drinking water treatments. However, the combined use of different disinfectants can result in the formation of various organic and inorganic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The toxic interactions, including synergism, addition, and antagonism, among the complex DBPs are still unclear. In this study, we established and verified a real-time cell analysis (RTCA) method for cytotoxicity measurement on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. Using this convenient and accurate method, we assessed the cytotoxicity of a series of binary combinations consisting of one of the 3 inorganic DBPs (chlorite, chlorate, and bromate) and one of the 32 regulated and emerging organic DBPs. The combination index (CI) of each combination was calculated and evaluated by isobolographic analysis to reflect the toxic interactions. The results confirmed the synergistic effect on cytotoxicity in the binary combinations consisting of chlorite and one of the 5 organic DBPs (2 iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs) and 3 brominated DBPs (Br-DBPs)), chlorate and one of the 4 organic DBPs (3 aromatic DBPs and dibromoacetonitrile), and bromate and one of the 3 organic DBPs (2 I-DBPs and dibromoacetic acid). The possible synergism mechanism of organic DBPs on the inorganic ones may be attributed to the influence of organic DBPs on cell membrane and cell antioxidant system. This study revealed the toxic interactions among organic and inorganic DBPs, and emphasized the latent adverse outcomes in the combined use of different disinfectants.     

Toxicity evaluation of butyl acrylate on the photosynthetic pigments,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and oxygen evolution activity of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Platymonas subcordiformis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Butyl acrylate is a hazardous and noxious substance (HNS) listed in the top 50 chemicals that is most likely to be involved in HNS spilling incident....     

Performance and microbial response during the fast reactivation of Anammox system by hydrodynamic stress control

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation （Anammox） has become a promising method for biological nitrogen removal. However, this biotechnology application is always limited due to the low growth rate and biomass yield of Anammox bacteria. This study investigated the process of fast reactivation of an Anammox consortium idled for 2 years uia hydrodynamic stress control. The results showed that the Anammox system was efficiently and quickly reactivated by shortening of the hydraulic retention time （I-IRT） of the reactor from 12 to 6 hr within 68 days of operation. Moreover, at a 4-hr HRT with an influent total nitrogen loading rate of 1.2 kg N/（m3.day）, the reactor maintained high biological performance with an ammonium removal loading rate of 0.52 kg N/（m3.day） and a nitrite removal rate of 0.59 kg N/（m3.day）. In the reactivated Anammox reaction, the stoichiometric coefficients of NH4-N to NOE-N and NH4-N to NO4-N were 1：1.04± 0.08 and 1：0.31 ± 0.03, respectively. The specific Anammox activity and hydrazine oxidoreductase activity, both of which represent the degree of Anammox bacteria present, increased as the hydrodynamic stress increased and were maximally （125.38 ± 3.01 mg N/（g VSS.day） and 339.42 ± 6.83 μmol/（min.g VSS）, respectively） at 4-hr HRT. Microbial response analysis showed that the dominant microbial community was obviously shifted and the dominance of Anammox bacteria was enhanced durinR the hydrodynamic selection.     

海菜花种子的萌发实验研究

为探讨通过种子繁殖恢复重建洱海湖滨带海菜花群落的可能性,开展了室外模拟与室内实验,研究了冷藏、双氧水浸泡、自然状态等3种前处理及水深、基质、温度、光照周期的交互作用对海菜花种子萌发的影响.结果表明：不同前处理、基质对海菜花种子萌发不产生影响,水深、温度、光照周期均对海菜花种子萌发有显著影响.海菜花种子萌发最适宜温度为30℃,最适宜光照周期为Light/Dark=24 h/0 h,最适宜水深为30 em～90cm.自然条件下,受风浪、水体透明度及物种竞争等因素的影响,不宜通过直接抛洒种子恢复重建海菜花群落.