膨润土对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋的吸附动力学及等温线研究

研究所用膨润土的主要成分为SiO2和Al2O3，属于Ca基膨润土，BET表面积为50．83m^2／g。在恒温及恒定pH条件下，用静态吸附法研究了膨润土对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋的吸附特性，结果表明其较好地符合Lagergren二级吸附速率方程，对这3种离子的吸附速率为Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cr^3＋。利用3种等温线方程对吸附过程进行拟合，发现利用Langmuir吸附等温方程计算的值与膨润土吸附Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋试验数据最为吻合。膨润土对3种金属离子的平衡吸附量为Cr^3＋〉Cu^2＋〉Pb^2＋。     

Effect of calcium formate as an additive on desulfurization in power plants

SO_2 in flue gas needs to be eliminated to alleviate air pollution. As the quality of coal decreases and environmental standard requirements become more stringent, the highefficiency desulfurization of flue gas faces more and more challenges. As an economical and environmentally friendly solution, the effect of calcium formate as an additive on desulfurization efficiency in the wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD) process was studied for the first time. Improvement of the desulfurization efficiency was achieved with limited change in p H after calcium formate was added into the reactor, and it was found to work better than other additives tested. The positive effects were further verified in a power plant, which showed that adding calcium formate could promote the dissolution of calcium carbonate, accelerate the growth of gypsum crystals and improve the efficiency of desulfurization. Thus, calcium formate was proved to be an effective additive and can potentially be used to reduce the amount of limestone slurry required, as well as the energy consumption and operating costs in industrial desulfurization.     

智慧环境监测实验室信息管理系统研究

简述了实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的概念及该系统在环境监测领域应用的实际意义,文中结合赤峰市环境监测中心站建设"基于物联网技术的智慧环境监测实验室信息管理系统"的工作实际,重点分析了实验室信息管理系统在环境监测领域应用中需要关注的流程内容和功能模块的实现,还包括智能环境监测实验室在新时期环境监测工作中将面临的挑战和机遇,这些可以说明,地理信息技术与云计算技术的应用,必将尽快成为智能移动环境监测实验室的优化发展方向.     

有色金属废弃物资源化是可持续经济发展的重要选择

本文论述了有色金属回收利用的必要性,指出回收利用有色金属是可持续发展的重要内容,并提出了回收利用有色金属的途径     

一体化平板膜装置回收靛蓝染料的小试研究

文章采用自主研发的一体化平板膜靛蓝回收装置对印染废水进行了小试研究。此工艺采用投加H2O2氧化染液的方式析出靛蓝结晶并采用平板膜处理的方式不断浓缩靛蓝并将浓缩液回用于染色工段,保证了染料回用的效果。对装置中预处理单元,氧化单元,膜过滤单元等主．要参数进行了优化。研究结果表明．该装置氧化单元H2O2最佳投加量为15ml／L,最佳氧化pH=3;最佳过膜条件pH=4,连续曝气,开停比4：3;膜清洗采用水力冲洗后NaC10浸泡2h的方法,通量恢复近100％。在该最佳工况下,装置不仅能够高效回收靛蓝染料,回收效率达到99．5％,同时废水水质得到极大改善,SS平均去除93．9％,浊度下降100％,色度下降98．4％。     

重庆主城区流域邻苯二甲酸酯生态风险评价

以长江、嘉陵江重庆主城区段为研究水域,利用Agilent6890N气相色谱仪对丰水期该研究水域12个采样点水体中五种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）含量进行测定,分析了PAEs在该区域水体中丰水期的分布特征并进行了生态安全评价。结果表明：丰水期水体中∑PAEs的浓度范围为0.87μg/L-55.66μg/L;DBP与DEHP为优先污染物,其浓度范围在0.15μg/L-28.32μg/L与0.26μg/L-26.29μg/L;按商值法对PAEs进行生态安全评价,DMP、DEP对该水域中水生动植物无生态风险,DBP和DEHP存在潜在低风险。     

高师地理教育专业学生灾害教育研究

地理师范生是未来普及灾害教育的生力军,他们对灾害知识的了解水平将直接影响到未来灾害教育的普及,因此必须加强地理师范生灾害教育.研究认为高等院校地理专业应建立完善灾害教育体系,强化地理师范生灾害知识体系,同时对怎样训练地理师范生掌握现代多媒体技术和充分利用网络资源以及培训他们推广灾害知识的能力提出建议.     

Exposure to metal mixtures and human health impacts in a contaminated area in Nanning, China

Cadmium and lead have been identified as very toxic metals, which are widely present in the environment due to natural and anthropogenic emissions. Many studies have shown that the food chain is the main pathway of cadmium and lead transfer from the environment to humans. It is well documented that many factors will affect their transfer through food chains. Previous investigations on heavy metals were mostly concentrated on one contaminant in isolation. However, in real environments, exposure to mixtures of metals is ubiquitous such that cadmium pollution is invariably being associated with lead and zinc, etc. This study focuses on the contamination and health effects of the metal mixtures. For this purpose, a dietary survey was taken for 3 groups in Nanning in October 2002. Samples of soils, plants (vegetables), urine and blood of humans were measured for Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca and Pb, in addition, the urinary indicators of renal dysfunction Albumin (ALB), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), Beta-2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) and Retinol-binding protein (RBP) in urine were also measured. Results showed that soil contamination with metal mixtures had caused significant renal dysfunction of the local residents living in the contaminated area, and the dose-response curve was somewhat altered by the mixed contamination of Cd and Pb as well as the intake of other minerals. The importance of mixtures of metal contamination and human health are also discussed in this paper.     

镉胁迫对不同镉富集能力海水养殖贝类抗氧化能力的影响——以扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔为例

为研究具有不同镉(Cd)富集能力的扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔在相同镉胁迫环境下的抗氧化能力反应的差异,将2种贝类于0.05mg·L-1Cd环境中暴露10 d,分别于第0天、2天、4天、6天、8天、10天分别取样检测内脏团中SOD、CAT、GPx、GST酶活性和GSH含量,同时分析内脏团中Cd的含量。结果表明,对于Cd胁迫组,扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔内脏团中SOD和CAT酶活反应相似,均呈先被诱导后被抑制的规律,且2种贝类的SOD和CAT活性差异较小。2种贝类内脏团中GSH含量、GST和GPx活性变化差异较大:扇贝内脏团中GSH含量显著降低(p0.05),GST和GPx活性均在第2天和第4天时处于显著诱导状态(p0.05),从第6天时处于抑制状态,而菲律宾蛤仔内脏团中GSH含量、GST和GPx活性在Cd暴露期间无显著变化,且2种贝类间比较,扇贝内脏团中GSH含量和GST活性在整个实验期间始终显著高于菲律宾蛤仔(p0.05),GPx活性从第4天开始高于菲律宾蛤仔;对于无镉污染的对照组,扇贝和菲律宾蛤仔内脏团中SOD、CAT和GPx活性无显著差异,但扇贝内脏团中GSH含量和GST活性显著高于菲律宾蛤仔,其中前者GSH含量约为后者的22倍。研究同时表明在相同镉环境下扇贝内脏团对Cd的富集浓度和富集速率均远高于菲律宾蛤仔。本研究明确了2种贝类在相同镉环境下的抗氧化反应的差异,推断出扇贝内脏团中高含量的GSH以及较高的GST和GPx活性可能在扇贝高富集、高耐受Cd方面起重要作用。     

An alkaline phosphatase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 of new application in biodegradation of five broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticides

In recent decades, biodegradation has been considered a promising and eco-friendly way to eliminate organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) from the environment. To enrich current biodegrading-enzyme resources, an alkaline phosphatase (AP3) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 was characterized and utilized to test the potential for new applications in the biodegradation of five broad-spectrum OPs. Characterization of AP3 demonstrated that activity was optimal at 40?°C and pH 10.3. The activity of AP3 was enhanced by Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and Cu²⁺, and strongly inhibited by Mn²⁺, EDTA, and L-Cys. Compared to disodium phenyl phosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) was more suitable to AP3, and the V_m, K_m, k_cat, k_cat/K_m values of AP3 for pNPP were 4,033?U mg^?1, 12.2?mmol L^?1, 3.3?×?10⁶ s^?1, and 2.7?×?10⁸ s^?1mol^?1L, respectively. Degradation of the five OPs, which included chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, dipterex, phoxim, and triazophos, was 18.7%, 53.0%, 5.5%, 68.3%, and 96.3%, respectively, after treatment with AP3 for 1?h. After treatment of the OP for 8?h, AP3 activities remained more than 80%, with the exception of phoxim. It can be postulated that AP3 may have a broad OP-degradation ability and could possibly provide excellent potential for biodegradation and bioremediation in polluted ecosystems.