Ultraviolet degradation of methyltins: elucidating the mechanism by identification of a detected new intermediary product and investigating the kinetics at various environmental conditions

The photodegradation of methyltins, as environmental pollutants, has scarcely been studied so far because of the shortage of rapid and sensitive speciation methods, even though they have very simple structures. The photodegradation of monomethyltin trichloride (MMT), dimethyltin dichloride (DMT) and trimethyltin chloride (TMT) was studied with our new developed HPLC-FPD hyphenated system, which enables rapid and sensitive detection of methyltins. The half-life times and kinetic rate constants of their degradation at different pH were calculated. The results suggest that MMT, DMT and TMT can be degraded under the UV irradiation rapidly at different pH, with a degradation rate sequence of TMT相似文献   

黑龙江省低温冷害发生规律及预测研究

利用黑龙江省74个气象站35年(1971～2005年)夏季平均气温资料,分析了黑龙江省低温冷害的发生规律,并运用灰色分析模型对黑龙江省未来低温冷害的发生情况做了预测.研究结果表明:黑龙江省低温冷害20世纪70年代最为严重,80年代后呈下降趋势;在空间分布上,黑龙江省低温冷害的平均发生频率南部大于北部,严重冷害表现为北部大于南部,一般冷害则表现为西南部大于全省其它地方;低温冷害的发生与厄尔尼诺现象有较好的相关性,厄尔尼诺年及其前后年为低温冷害的多发年;2009～2020年黑龙江省大部分地区会发生低温冷害,2020～2030年发生区域和频率有所减少,2030年后发生频率与地区明显减少.     

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曝气生物滤池污水处理工艺与设计

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以黄浦江水为处理源水 ,将筛选出的菌种用海藻酸钠为载体进行固定化包埋 ;对间歇式处理体系中菌体浓度 ,处理温度以及起始 TOC浓度对有机物降解效果的影响进行实验 .结果表明 ,菌体浓度为 1g/L～2g/L,处理温度为 20℃时 ,包埋颗粒性状保持较好 ,对源水中起始浓度在 10mg/L～15mg/L之间的 TOC具有20%～30%的降解率 ;温度升高 ,明显缩短颗粒使用寿命 ;而菌体浓度增加对处理效果没有增强作用 .另外 ,以菌 TD2和 TD4包埋颗粒为例 ,测试发现经 48h处理 ,其对源水中浓度为53.4μg/L酚具有 90%左右的降解率 .     

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ABSTRACT: This paper provides a framework for analyzing flood fatalities and injuries, and it describes the derivation of a generalized flood risk (i.e., flood consequences and their probabilities) function by introducing an integrated index (the number of residential buildings affected by a flood) that represents the major change in the power relation among the flood intensity, regional vulnerability, and resilience. Both the probabilities and the numbers of fatalities and injuries clearly increase significantly after the flood severity (in terms of the number of inundated buildings) passes a branch point. Below the branch point, it is still possible for fatalities and injuries to occur because of the variability in the data and the uncertainty in the predicted fatality values. The empirical models of fatalities and injuries due to floods in Japan suggested the usefulness in predicting fatalities and injuries and evaluating the efficacy of the warning or other emergency response measures.