Numerical model to quantify biogenic volatile organic compound emissions: The Pearl River Delta region as a case study

This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, one of the most developed regions in China. The developed history of BVOC emission models is presented briefly and three typical emission models are introduced and compared. The results from local studies related to BVOC emissions have been summarized. Based on this analysis, it is recommended that local researchers conduct BVOC emission studies systematically, from the assessment of model inputs, to compiling regional emission inventories to quantifying the uncertainties and evaluating the model results. Beyond that, more basic researches should be conducted in the future to close the gaps in knowledge on BVOC emission mechanisms, to develop the emission models and to refine the inventory results. This paper can provide a perspective on these aspects in the broad field of research associated with BVOC emissions in the PRD region.     

有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度参数及指标

腐熟度参数及其指标是评价堆肥过程及堆肥产品质量的重要尺度,本文综述了关于腐熟度的表观分析法、化学分析法、波谱分析法及植物生长分析法等４类评价方法和各种腐熟度参数及指标。     

厌氧-好氧法治理中药废水研究

厌氧—好氧法处理中药废水 ,污泥中生物相丰富 ,原生、后生动物数量多 ,污泥沉降性能优良 ,出水水质好 ,CODCr、BOD5 等指标都达到了一级排放标准。     

Applying a new method for direct collection,volume quantification and determination of N2 emission from water

The emission of N2 is important to remove excess N from lakes, ponds, and wetlands. To investigate the gas emission from water, Gao et al.(2013) developed a new method using a bubble trap device to collect gas samples from waters. However, the determination accuracy of sampling volume and gas component concentration was still debatable. In this study, the method was optimized for in situ sampling, accurate volume measurement and direct injection to a gas chromatograph for the analysis of N2 and other gases. By the optimized new method, the recovery rate for N2 was 100.28% on average; the mean coefficient of determination(R2) was 0.9997; the limit of detection was 0.02%. We further assessed the effects of the new method, bottle full of water, vs. vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods, on variations of N2 concentration as influenced by sample storage times of 1,2, 3, 5, and 7 days at constant temperature of 15°C, using indices of averaged relative peak area(%) in comparison with the averaged relative peak area of each method at 0 day.The indices of the bottle full of water method were the lowest(99.5%–108.5%) compared to the indices of vacuum bag and vacuum vial methods(119%–217%). Meanwhile, the gas chromatograph determination of other gas components(O2, CH4, and N2O) was also accurate. The new method was an alternative way to investigate N2 released from various kinds of aquatic ecosystems.     

The effects of autophagy on vascular endothelial cells induced by airborne PM2.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct toxicity of PM2.5 collected from Beijing on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). A Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8) assay demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dosedependent manner. We also found that PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in HUVECs, as evidenced by:(1) an increased number of double-membrane vesicles;(2) enhanced conversion and punctuation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3); and(3) decreased levels of the selective autophagy substrate p62 in a time-dependent manner.Furthermore, promoting autophagy in PM2.5-exposed HUVECs with rapamycin increased the cell survival rate, whereas inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine significantly decreased cell survival. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce cytotoxicity and autophagy in HUVECs and that autophagy play a protective role against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. The findings of the present study imply a direct toxic effect of PM2.5 on HUVECs and provide novel insight into the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure.     

金属拱顶原油储罐运行管理中的风险防范

本文针对金属拱顶原油储罐的结构和使用特点,分析论述了运行中风险,并从设计制造和运行上有针对性地提出了防范的措施.     

钻井平台石油污染法律问题研究——从墨西哥湾石油污染事件谈起

2010年4月20日美国路易斯安那州沿岸的一座石油钻井平台发生爆炸起火,11人死亡.底部油井漏油量从每天5千桶,到后来达2万5千至3万桶,演变成美国历来最严重的油污大灾难.海洋占整个地球表面积的71%,蕴藏着丰富的资源和能源,随着现代新科学技术的发展,海洋石油开采技术也日渐成熟,为缓解能源短缺提供了良好的解决途径,但同时也给海洋环境带来了问题.国际社会极度关注海洋油污问题,并进行了不懈的努力以减轻油污状况,改善海洋环境.本文主要考察针对海洋钻井平台的石油开采活动以及事故产生油污的相关国际国内法律文件,通过对相关法律文件的分析,揭示现有国内法律文件的不足,提出进一步完善相关法律的建议.     

环境监测仪器的有效管理

对本文结合实际工作,从仪器建档、日常维护使用、人员职责等方面进行阐述,总结出一套具有可操作性的环境监测仪器管理程序。     

湖泊水质参数空间最优估计精度分析

在湖泊研究中,往往要了解污染的空间分布状况,其核心是空间最优估计问题.本文在阐述了克立格方差特点的基础上,以太湖为例,对湖泊水质参数空间最优估计的精度问题进行了分析.结果显示,估计精度受变差函数、各采样点的空间配置关系等因素的影响.空间结构直接决定着估计精度的大小,而与各信息采样点的值的大小无关.     

东亚三角涡虫监测水体重金属污染的可行性研究

随着现代工、农业的快速发展,水体重金属污染已成为全球性的环境问题。对水体重金属污染的现状、来源、危害以及监测方法进行了介绍,并探讨了生物监测技术的优越性。在前人的研究基础上,结合本实验室工作,提出利用东亚三角涡虫(Dugesiaojapoice)作为水体重金属污染监测指示生物的可行性,并对更为灵敏的生物标志物的策略和实验方案进行了展望。