黄浦江上游支流污染负荷分析及防治对策

对黄浦江上游１４条主要支流的水资源特性，水量、水质和工业，、生活、农田径流、禽畜、泵站等污染源的现状进行了大量的调查，对２０００年各污染源排放量进行了预测。同时，对支流区域内污染物的产生量与影响支流水体污染的成因，及支流的污染负荷进行了分析，提出了相应的水污染综合防治对策。     

新式十字轴径向挤压模具

此文提出了一种新式的十字轴径向挤压模具,此模具动作平稳可靠,生产率高,模具寿命较长,稍加改进后,此模具可适用于各种枝状件径向冷挤压或热锻.     

The role of atmospheric circulation system playing in coupling relationship between spring NPP and precipitation in East Asia area

In many East Asia regions, spring (from March to May) precipitation is an important restricting factor to vegetation growth, and atmospheric circulation system may influence spring precipitation patter. It is helpful to under the response of ecosystem to climate change by studying the influence of atmospheric circulation system on the coupling relationship between spring net primary productivity and precipitation. Driving CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) NPP (Net Primary Productivity) model, we estimated spring NPP for East Asia area (70 degrees E-1 70 degrees E, 10 degrees N-70 degrees N) from 1982 to 1999, and by the method of singular value decomposition we further analyzed the coupling features of spring NPP with precipitation. The result showed that the response features of NPP to precipitation were mainly embodied within the leading six NPP-precipitation paired-modes. The interpretation rates of the leading six paired-modes to the covariance of NPP-precipitation were 42.91, 23.29, 9.96, 5.60, 5.04 and 3.95%, respectively, and total to 90.75%. The temporal correlation coefficients of the leading six paired-modes were 0.830, 0.889, 0.841, 0.747, 0.912 and 0.923, respectively, and all the correlations were significant at significant level of 0.001. In some high latitude regions, there was no obviously corresponding relationship between NPP and precipitation in the leading two paired-modes, and the reason of it may be that spring temperature was the main restricting factor to NPP. In middle and low latitude regions, the effect of precipitation on NPP was relatively more notable. Nine atmospheric circulation factors in spring affected the patterns of NPP and precipitation greatly, and the regions with interpretation rate over 50% shared 60.41 and 65.58% of the whole study area, respectively.     

A new strain for recovering precious metals from waste printed circuit boards

A new strain, Pseudomonas Chlororaphis (PC), was found for dissolving gold, silver, and copper from the metallic particles of crushed waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The optimized conditions that greatly improved the ability of producing CN^? (for dissolving metals) were obtained. Dissolving experiments of pure gold, silver, and copper showed that the metals could be changed into Au⁺, Ag⁺, and Cu²⁺. PC cells and their secreta would adsorb metallic ions. Meanwhile, metallic ions destroyed the growth of PC. Dissolving experiments of metallic particles from crushed waste PCBs were performed by PC. The results indicated that 8.2% of the gold, 12.1% silver, and 52.3% copper were dissolved into solution. This paper contributed significance information to recovering precious metals from waste PCBs by bioleaching.     

Enhanced performance of alkali-modified Bi2WO6/Bi0.15Ti0.85O2 toward photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO under visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered as one of the promising ways to resolve indoor air HCHO pollution. TiO2 has been well...     

自来水腥臭味原因及对策

自来水的水质关系到每个人的健康;而水厂供水的质量受水源的影响很大。文章分析了影响供水质量的因素及产生原因,并针对影响因素提出了相应的改善措施。     

Optimization of process parameters of extraction of lotaustralin from the roots of Rhodiola rosea L using supercritical CO2 plus modifier

Lotaustralin from the root of Rhodiola rosea L was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide with methanol as modifier. Response surface methodology using Box–Behnken experimental design was utilized to explore parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The effects of various values of temperatures (50–70 °C), pressures (200--400 bar), and percentages of methanol modifier (80%–100%) on the extraction yields of lotaustralin were evaluated. Extract identification was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The experimental data obtained were fitted to second-order polynomial equations and assessed using analysis of variance. The highest yields predicted from the experiments were 2.05 g kg^?1 lotaustralin at the optimal values, i.e. temperature 65 °C, pressure 316 bar, 88% methanol modifier at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min^?1, and dynamic extraction time 90 min.     

兴凯湖水体磷形态特征及与气候变化的响应关系

兴凯湖是亚洲东北部最大的淡水湖,水体总磷（TP）浓度超标是近年来兴凯湖水质下降的主要原因,气候可能对区域水质有重要的影响。以兴凯湖中国湖区为研究区域,通过分析兴凯湖水体磷素时空变化特征,探究其主要组成形态,明确区域内气候因子变化对兴凯湖水体TP浓度的影响。结果表明：1）2010—2021年,兴凯湖水体TP浓度整体呈先降后升的趋势,冰封期水质状况优于非冰封期,大兴凯湖TP浓度相较于小兴凯湖更高。2）2022年5月磷形态数据表明,大、小兴凯湖水体TP主要由颗粒态磷（PP）组成（占比为60%和76%）,PP是大、小兴凯湖TP超标的主要形态;小兴凯湖的PP与溶解磷浓度表现为北部高于南部,大兴凯湖PP浓度总体表现为东部高于西部,溶解磷浓度则呈相反趋势。3）近年来兴凯湖流域的气温及降水量均呈上升趋势,小兴凯湖TP浓度与气温、降水量均呈显著正相关,气温与降水增加可能会导致更多的营养盐进入水体,造成水质下降;大兴凯湖TP浓度与气候变化无明显相关性,但小兴凯湖与大兴凯湖的TP浓度之间呈显著正相关,表明大兴凯湖受区域气候变化影响较小,但其水质状况与小兴凯湖有紧密的关联性。无论冰封期还是非冰封期,小兴凯湖水质均优于大兴凯湖,作为大兴凯湖的前置湖泊,小兴凯湖在净化上游流域面源污染方面起到了重要的作用。

     

响应面法优化负压原位碱度脱氨处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液AnMBR出水

针对垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)出水中仍含有高浓度氨氮,无法满足现行排放标准的问题,采用负压原位碱度脱氨工艺对AnMBR出水进行进一步处理;考察了温度、真空度和脱氨时间3个因素对负压原位碱度脱氨工艺氨氮去除率的单独作用,分析了不加碱前提下脱氨过程中体系pH的变化,并利用响应面学的方法对3因素的交互作用进行了探讨和分析。单因素实验结果表明：各因素在响应范围内对氨氮的去除有显著性影响,在温度为60 ℃、真空度为−0.08 MPa、脱氨时间为2 h时,氨氮去除率达到75.5%;在负压原位碱度脱氨过程中,AnMBR出水中自有碱度对pH具有显著调控作用,碳酸氢根水解致使反应体系pH上升进而促进氨氮脱除;利用响应面法探讨了各因素对氨氮去除率的影响,其对于氨氮去除率的贡献排序为温度>真空度>脱氨时间;确定负压原位碱度脱氨的最佳时间为3.5 h,温度为59 ℃,真空度为−0.079 MPa,该条件下氨氮去除率为92%以上,并对该模型进行了实验验证;响应面法的预测值与实验值吻合较好。由此可知,通过负压原位碱度脱氨可以去除垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液AnMBR出水中大部分氨氮,并大幅提高C/N比,为后续与适当的生化处理工艺组合处理奠定了良好基础。该研究结果可为负压原位碱度脱氨法处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液AnMBR出水中氨氮的工业化应用提供参考。