大气污染总量控制规划智能决策支持系统的开发与研究

对大气污染总量控制规划智能决策支持系统的开发步骤和总体结构做了介绍。并描述了该系统中的知识库系统、模型库系统、数据库系统和图形库系统的设计思想,特别是对知识库的构造进行了较详细的叙述。还介绍了神经网络技术在该系统中的应用。指出大气污染总量控制规划智能决策支持系统将为大气污染总量控制提供更科学、更合理、更有效的规划方案。     

催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水的机理与动力学研究

对催化铁内电解法处理硝基苯废水降解动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明，降解过程符合准一级动力学规律。进水浓度、pH值和反应温度强烈影响硝基苯的降解速率。在实验pH值范围内，反应速率常数依次为：强酸性〉弱碱性〉弱酸性〉中性；循环伏安扫描图显示了硝基苯可以在铜电极上直接得电子还原，该反应在强酸和弱碱性条件下效果较好。反应速率常数随进水浓度的增大而减小。提高反应温度可改善处理效果，在30-45℃范围内，提高温度对处理效果的改善并不显著；当温度升高到45℃以上时，升温可以显著改善处理效果。     

水环境中卤素离子和HCO_3~-对氯贝酸光降解的影响研究

在模拟太阳光照射下,研究无机离子对氯贝酸(CA)光降解的影响。结果表明,卤素离子和HCO_3~-存在时,CA的光降解均符合拟一级动力学。Cl~-和Br~-在浓度较低时可促进CA的光降解,浓度较高时可抑制CA的光降解;I~-和HCO_3~-则可抑制CA的光降解。     

交联淀粉微球微波辅助反相乳液法合成及性能研究

以甲基紫吸附去除效率作为考核指标,研究了淀粉(ST)、交联剂N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)、引发剂(K2S2O8/NaHSO3)用量、聚合温度以及聚合反应时间等因素对微波辅助反相乳液法制备交联淀粉微球(CSM)的影响,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、电镜扫描仪(SEM)、比表面积分析仪等对CSM进行了表征,对比了优化条件下水浴和微波两种不同加热方式合成CSM的吸附效率.结果表明,MBAA成功与淀粉交联成类球状聚合物,聚合微球平均粒径约为9.253μm,聚合微球明显增加了微孔面积,微波加热合成的CSM对甲基紫的吸附率高于水浴加热合成的CSM.     

黑龙江省饮用水水源地技术保障体系研究

根据黑龙江省水资源和水源地概况,提出了体系构成原则,建立了饮用水水源地技术保障体系。研究成果可为黑龙江省饮用水水源地环境保护工作的开展提供技术支撑。     

Dynamic equity carbon permit allocation scheme to limit global warming to two degrees

Significant international collaboration is required to limit global temperature increase to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Equity is the foundation of cooperation, and therefore, this study proposed a new dynamic carbon permit allocation scheme based on four principles: equality, historical responsibility, capability, and future development opportunities. Decision makers could have different preferences for allocating carbon permits, therefore, four equity rules or indicators (equality, responsibility, capacity, and sovereignty) were assigned different weights. Based on the global carbon budget of the 2 °C target, emission permits were calculated and relevant economic implications analyzed using the Global Change Assessment Model. Results indicated that developed countries should reduce emissions immediately, while allowances for developing regions could permit an initial increase in emissions until peaking. Applying different weights to the indicators resulted in multifarious regional allowances. Developed regions would benefit from the “preferring sovereignty” scenario and most developing countries would benefit under the “preferring responsibility” and “preferring capacity” scenarios. Compared with the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, this study found that in the short term, developed countries might insist on sovereignty as the preferred indicator. However, preferring sovereignty would place substantial mitigation pressures on developing countries in the long term. Therefore, in addressing global climate change, a dynamic choice in the weighting distribution for different indicators might be conducive to international agreement. Furthermore, a market-based trading instrument could help all participants both mitigate global climate change by reducing regional and global costs and facilitate mitigation capital flow from developed to less developed regions.     

毛霉菌回收金纳米颗粒的影响因素及吸附行为

生物吸附在贵金属的回收中具有较高的应用潜力.本研究以毛霉菌(Mucor varians)菌株(CGMCC 3.02549)为菌种资源,探究了毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)的影响因素,包括初始Au~(3+)浓度、温度和pH值,研究了毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)的动力学和热力学特性.结果表明,随着初始Au~(3+)浓度升高,毛霉菌的吸附率降低,吸附容量增高;吸附率随着温度的升高而增加;pH对毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)的效果影响明显,pH为3时吸附效果最佳.毛霉菌对Au~(3+)的等温吸附过程更符合Langmuir方程(R2=0.985),最大吸附量为325.418 mg·g~(-1).拟二级动力学方程更适合描述Au~(3+)在毛霉菌上的吸附动力学(R2=0.910~0.922).通过热力学分析得出,毛霉菌吸附Au~(3+)是自发的吸热过程.傅里叶红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜分析表明,回收产物为金纳米颗粒,羰基和羟基是起主要作用的官能团.     

电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含铜废水的研究

为了有效控制重金属废水对环境的污染,采用电絮凝-膜过滤技术处理含铜废水,考察了进水pH、电极电流密度和水流量对铜去除率的影响。结果表明:该技术的最佳进水pH值为5.8,电极电流密度为10 A/m2,水流量为2 L/min。在此条件下,对不同浓度的含铜废水进行处理,铜去除率均在95%以上,最高可达99.02%。由此可见,电絮凝-膜过滤技术对含铜废水具有良好的处理效果。     

Reduction of nitrobenzene by the catalyzed Fe/Cu process

The polarization behavior of the couple Fe/Cu in 100 mg/L nitrobenzene aqueous solution was studied using Evans coupling diagrams.The results indicated that the iron corrosion was limited by both anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions under the neutral conditions,and cathodically controlled under the alkaline conditions.Batch experiments were performed to study the effect of solution pH,reaction duration,concentration,type of electrolyte,and dissolved oxygen(DO)on the reduction of nitrobenzene by the ca...     

高寒草甸不同植被类型土壤全氮含量变化动态分析

采用凯氏定氮法对高寒草甸不同植被类型土壤全氮进行季节动态测定分析,结果表明:在整个生长季中0～20 cm层土壤全氮质量分数的顺序为:藏嵩草沼泽化草甸(Kobresia-swamp meadow)>露梅灌丛草甸(Dasiphoru fruticosa shrubs)>人工燕麦草地(Avena sativa artficial grassland)>矮嵩草草甸(Kobresia humilis meadow)>矮嵩草退化草地(Kobresia humilis-degraded grassland).原生植被草甸类型下单位面积土壤全氮含量远高于退化草地.藏嵩草沼泽化草甸土壤每平方米的全氮含量最高,达到0.712 kg,金露梅草甸次之,两者之间差异性不显著(p>0.05);其他三种草地类型单位面积土壤全氮含量差异性显著(p<0.05);原生草甸矮嵩草草甸每平方米全氮平均含量为0.406 kg,而退化的矮嵩草草地每平方米全氮平均含量为0.301 kg,可以推算,土地退化导致土壤全氮流失的量为0.105kg,即高寒草地退化导致25.86%氮流失.随着季节的变化,土壤全氮质量分数随生长季均有所增加,最高值都出现在8月份,但各月份之间土壤全氮质量分数变化差异性不显著(p>0.05).原生植被0～10 cm层土壤全氮含量高于10～2O cm层,人工草地与退化草地差异性不显著.