吉林省糠醛工业发展现状与地方环境标准的比对分析

糠醛工业属重污染行业。本文结合吉林省糠醛工业实际生产状况和污染防治的发展趋势,针对糠醛工业粉尘、甲醇、丙酮、气态糠醛及臭气浓度排放量的实测数据进行了系统的比对分析,并为吉林省《糠醛工业污染物控制要求》中"大气污染物排放要求"的进一步完善、升级提出了合理化建议。     

Remediation of Ni2+-contaminated water using iron powder and steel manufacturing byproducts

Steel manufacturing byproducts and commercial iron powders were tested in the treatment of Ni^2＋-contaminated water. Ni^2＋ is a priority pollutant of some soils and groundwater. The use of zero-valent iron, which can reduce Ni^2＋ to its neural form appears to be an alternative approach for the remediation of Ni^2＋-contaminated sites. Our experimental data show that the removal efficiencies of Ni^2＋ were 95.15% and 94.68% at a metal to solution ratio of 20 g/L for commercial iron powders and the steel manufacturing byproducts in 60 min at room temperature, respectively. The removal efficiency reached 98.20% when the metal to solution ratio was 40 g/L for commercial iron powders. Furthermore, we found that the removal efficiency was also largely affected by other factors such as the pHs of the treated water, the length of time for the metal to be in contact with the Ni^2＋-contaminated water, initial concentrations of metal solutions, particle sizes and the amount of iron powders. Surprisingly, the reaction temperature appeared to have little effect on the removal efficiency. Our study opens the way to further optimize the reaction conditions of in situ remediation of Ni^2＋ or other heavy metals on contaminated sites.     

Fine dust filtration using a metal fiber bed

A bed-type filter composed of thin metal alloy fiber was closely examined with dust capturing in cold and hot runs. The investigation of an individual mechanism across the filter bed indicated that the aerated dust could be initially collected by depth filtration, and after a while, surface filtration dominated the overall dust collection. The present metal fiber bed was comparable to the conventional ceramic filters because of its good collection efficiency with low pressure drop. It also showed potential to be used as a prefilter in a diesel exhaust trapping system.     

SO2浓度的概率分布类型研究

用数理统计的原理，当样本容量满足检验方法要求时，用柯尔莫哥洛夫－－斯米尔诺夫、皮尔逊、概率纸等法对绵阳市城区ＳＯ２监测值进行分布类型的统计检验。其结果ＳＯ２的时空分布类型为近似对数正态。用几何均数代表样本的平均值，例行监测时段的ＳＯ２测值与增加采样频率后的测值基本无差异。而用算术均数表示平均值时，均值则落在总体均值的置信区间外。故当样本分布类型确定后，样本的主要特征数应由分布类型确定。     

Conservation prioritization with machine learning predictions for the black-necked crane Grus nigricollis,a flagship species on the Tibetan Plateau for 2070

Regional Environmental Change - Ongoing global climate change greatly alters the distribution of species, and such impacts are even amplified on the Tibetan Plateau. The black-necked crane (Grus...     

换热器不锈钢换热管束开裂原因分析

一台换热器换热管束发生了开裂泄漏.采取全面检验的方式,通过宏观检查、化学成分分析、断口微观形貌和能谱分析、金相分析等方法,对换热管开裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:该换热管开裂为氯化物应力腐蚀开裂.壳程介质循环冷却水中CI元素含量是应力腐蚀开裂的主要因素,结构缺陷、敏感的工作温度区间、水中溶解氧和含S杂质导致了应力腐蚀的快速发展.     

矩形柱体地震动水压力的附加质量简化模型∗

针对矩形柱体在水中的振动问题,提出一种代替水-结构动力相互作用的附加质量模型。基于矩形柱体动水压力的计算公式、自由振动方程、自振频率和振型的计算公式,建立了水中矩形柱体地震动力反应的计算公式;基于柔性结构的一阶频率降低率,建立了矩形柱体柔性运动引起动水力的附加质量简化公式,并给出了水中矩形柱体自振频率的简化计算公式;基于刚性运动引起的动水力,建立了矩形柱体刚性运动引起动水力的附加质量简化公式;建立了地震作用下水中柱体结构的简化分析模型,即分别采用柔性和刚性运动附加质量的简化公式代替相应的水-结构相互作用。     

玉米秸秆生物炭对沉积物中BDE-47生态毒性的影响

生物炭对于污染沉积物的原位修复具有很大的潜力,但关于生物炭对沉积物中有机污染物生态毒性影响的研究则较少报道。为评价生物炭对沉积物中BDE-47生态毒性的影响,以底栖动物铜锈环棱螺为测试生物,采用28 d慢性沉积物生物测试研究了不同添加比例的玉米秸秆生物炭(CSB)与BDE-47联合作用对BDE-47生物积累、肝胰脏细胞DNA损伤以及氧化胁迫生物标志物的影响。结果表明,在慢性暴露情况下,CSB对铜锈环棱螺不具有毒性;CSB通过显著降低沉积物间隙水中BDE-47的浓度而降低其在铜锈环棱螺体内的生物积累。在实验浓度范围内(1%～7%),CSB添加比例越高,降低BDE-47生物积累的效果越显著。不同添加比例的CSB均可以显著降低BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺DNA损伤的毒性,较高比例(4%和7%)CSB的效果更为显著,但BDE-47的氧化胁迫毒性不随CSB添加比例的升高而下降。因此,从降低BDE-47生态毒性的角度考虑,沉积物中CSB的合适添加比例为4%左右。