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排序方式: 共有4621条查询结果,搜索用时 723 毫秒
501.
Leo S. Morf Rolf Gloor Olaf Haag Melanie Haupt Stefan Skutan Fabian Di Lorenzo Daniel Böni 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(3):634-644
In Switzerland many kinds of waste, e.g. paper, metals, electrical and electronic equipment are separately collected and recycled to a large extent. The residual amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has to be thermally treated before final disposal. Efforts to recover valuable metals from incineration residues have recently increased. However, the resource potential of critical elements in the waste input (sources) and their partitioning into recyclable fractions and residues (fate) is unknown. Therefore, a substance flow analysis (SFA) for 31 elements including precious metals (Au, Ag), platinum metal group elements (Pt, Rh) and rare earth elements (La, Ce, etc.) has been conducted in a solid waste incinerator (SWI) with a state-of-the-art bottom ash treatment according to the Thermo-Re® concept. The SFA allowed the determination of the element partitioning in the SWI, as well as the elemental composition of the MSW by indirect analysis. The results show that the waste-input contains substantial quantities of precious metals, such as 0.4 ± 0.2 mg/kg Au and 5.3 ± 0.7 mg/kg Ag. Many of the valuable substances, such as Au and Ag are enriched in specific outputs (e.g. non-ferrous metal fractions) and are therefore recoverable. As the precious metal content in MSW is expected to rise due to its increasing application in complex consumer products, the results of this study are essential for the improvement of resource recovery in the Thermo-Re® process. 相似文献
502.
Şeyda Fikirdeşici Ergen Esra Üçüncü Tunca Alper Devrim Ozkan Tolga Tarkan Ölmez Emrah Acaröz Ahmet Altındağ 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(5):455-465
The accumulations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the exoskeleton, gills, hepatopancreas and abdominal muscles of crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) were determined. The strongest correlation observed was between Cr and Ni in the gills (r?=?0.904); moderate to strong correlations between Al, Cr, Fe, Ni and Cu were also observed in gill tissue. Disregarding the gills, the strongest correlation was found between Cu and Zn in the hepatopancreas (r?=?0.808); the correlation between these two metals might have been a result of metallothionein activity. The accumulation of Pb was found to correlate with that of Cd in the exoskeleton, Cd and Zn in the gills, Zn and Cu in the hepatopancreas and Cu in the abdominal muscle. None of these correlations were present in lakewater and sediment samples, suggesting that the crayfish metabolism may be responsible for the co-accumulation of metal–metal pairs. As all correlations in non-gill tissues are observed between divalent metals, a shared transporter such as divalent metal transporter 1 might be involved in the accumulation of these metals. 相似文献
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Astrid Wetzel Gabriela Klante D. Werner 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1991,3(5):266-271
Im Zusammenhang mit der Umweltchemikalienprüfung und der Untersuchung und Kontrolle kontaminierter B?den besteht gro?er Bedarf
an Testverfahren mit h?heren Pflanzen, die schnell, einfach und preisgünstig durchzuführen sind und bereits bestehende Testverfahren
nach OECD- und BBA-Richtlinien sinnvoll erg?nzen k?nnen. Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Biotoxizit?tstest vor, der die Nodulation
in der Leguminosen-Kn?llchen-Symbiose als sensiblen Wirkungsparameter für die Belastung mit polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen
(PAK) benutzt. Fremdstoff, Pflanze und Mikroorganismus werden dabei auf einer festen Matrix in Kontakt miteinander gebracht;
das axenische System erlaubt die Untersuchung der Fremdstoffwirkung sowohl auf den Gesamtorganismus Pflanze, als auch auf
die Interaktion von Pflanze und Mikroorganismus (Kn?llchenbildung). In Dose-Response-Versuchen zeigte sich der Wirkungsparameter
Nodulation, gemessen als Anzahl Wurzelkn?llchen pro Pflanze, sensibler als andere pflanzliche Wachstumsparameter.
There is great need for toxicity tests with higher plants for the investigation and monitoring of chemicals in the environment
— especially for tests which are quick, easy, and inexpensive. Such tests should add to and improve current guidelines, e.g.,
OECD- and BBA-Guidelines. This article describes the nodulation of leguminous plants withRhizobium bacteria used in a bioassay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Plants growing on a solid medium were exposed simultaneously
to bacteria and PAH. This axenic culture system allows to observe the impact of PAH on plant growth and the interaction between
plant and bacteria (nodulation). Dose-response-experiments indicated that nodulation measured as number of nodules per plant,
was more sensitive to the inhibition by PAH than other plant growth parameters. 相似文献
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Martina Duft Michaela Tillmann Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann Bernd Markert Jörg Oehlmann 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2002,14(1):12-17
Currently, only few organismic biotest systems are available for the assessment of effects on reproduction, which consider an exposure toward whole sediments. A well-suited test organism is the parthenogenetic mudsnailPotamopyrgus antipodarum. This ovoviviparous prosobranch snail lives in the upper layers of freshwater and brackish sediments. The number of (unshelled) embryos turned out to be a very sensitive parameter for the indication of sediment components affecting reproduction. Additionally, this endpoint allows to signal possible estrogenic sediment compounds. With this 28-day bioassay, laboratory tests on the effects of various chemicals onP. antipodarum were performed, e.g. triphenyltin and bisphenol A, in relevant environmental concentration ranges. Furthermore, the suitability of our test system for the investigation of complex and multiple level ranged contaminations was examined by means of various natural sediments from the Neiße and Odra rivers. 相似文献
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