Quantitative polarographische Bestimmung des Acetaldehyds

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Bodenschutzverordnung bringt einheitliche Werte für Bodenbelastungen

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太湖夏季水体中尿素的来源探析

为研究尿素氮在太湖生态系统中的作用,于夏季采集湖体及环湖河道水样进行尿素及不同形态氮素含量分析.通过河道及湖体的82个调查点位生态指标的同步分析,得出以下结果:①太湖尿素氮含量变化范围为0.011~0.161 mg·L-1,总体呈现出西北高,东南低的变化趋势,与流域主要污染源分布有关;②太湖水体溶解性氮以无机氮库为主,铵硝比为5∶1,其中尿素氮占总氮、溶解性总氮、溶解性有机氮和生物可利用氮的平均质量分数分别为2.28%、5.91%、15.86%、6.22%,生态作用不容忽视;③环湖河道的尿素氮含量比湖体高出一倍,出湖河道尿素氮含量还略高于入湖河道;④太湖尿素氮与其他形式氮之间可能存在彼此转换关系,尿素氮含量与高锰酸盐指数、不同形态氮含量均呈显著正相关关系,与溶解氧呈显著负相关关系;湖体的尿素氮含量与叶绿素a含量呈弱正相关,与底栖生物、浮游动物种群的空间分布有密切联系.本研究表明太湖水体中尿素氮可能是湖体有机、无机态氮转化的桥梁,是湖体自身氮素循环快慢的标志,氮的循环速率控制尿素氮含量,高氮(特别是有机态氮)含量及低溶解氧条件是尿素升高的前提.太湖湖体尿素含量受外源输入和内源转化的双重影响.     

Influence of water allocation and freshwater inflow on oyster production: a hydrodynamic-oyster population model for Galveston Bay,Texas, USA

A hydrodynamic-oyster population model was developed to assess the effect of changes in freshwater inflow on oyster populations in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA. The population model includes the effects of environmental conditions, predators, and the oyster parasite, Perkinsus marinus, on oyster populations. The hydrodynamic model includes the effects of wind stress, river runoff, tides, and oceanic exchange on the circulation of the bay. Simulations were run for low, mean, and high freshwater inflow conditions under the present (1993) hydrology and predicted hydrologies for 2024 and 2049 that include both changes in total freshwater inflow and diversions of freshwater from one primary drainage basin to another.Freshwater diversion to supply the Houston metropolitan area is predicted to negatively impact oyster production in Galveston Bay. Fecundity and larval survivorship both decline. Mortality from Perkinsus marinus increases, but to a lesser extent. A larger negative impact in 2049 relative to 2024 originates from the larger drop in fecundity under that hydrology. Changes in recruitment and mortality, resulting in lowered oyster abundance, occur because the bay volume available for mixing freshwater input from the San Jacinto and Buffalo Bayou drainage basins that drain metropolitan Houston is small in comparison to the volume of Trinity Bay that presently receives the bulk of the bay's freshwater inflow. A smaller volume for mixing results in salinities that decline more rapidly and to a greater extent under conditions of high freshwater discharge.Thus, the decline in oyster abundance results from a disequilibrium between geography and salinity brought about by freshwater diversion. Although the bay hydrology shifts, available hard substrate does not. The simulations stress the fact that it is not just the well-appreciated reduction in freshwater inflow that can result in decreased oyster production. Changing the location of freshwater inflow can also significantly impact the bay environment, even if the total amount of freshwater inflow does not change.