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81.
R. Williamson M. E. D. Allison T. J. Bentley S. M. C. Lim E. Watson J. Chapple S. Adam M. Boulton 《黑龙江环境通报》1989,9(10):727-734
Inexpensive and accurate carrier testing for cystic fibrosis (CF) will be possible in the near future. There are no existing studies on the attitudes of English persons in the community to carrier testing for CF or any other recessive disorder. We have conducted a trial study of 166 persons at two schools, two doctors' surgeries, and a family planning clinic. Only a minority had clear pre-existing knowledge of cystic fibrosis and its genetic nature. However, over 80 per cent of those questioned expressed interest in knowing their carrier status. Although it is well known that uptake can only be assessed when a service is in place, and while further studies are required to confirm that testing will be of interest to couples of reproductive age with no previous knowledge of CF, the data strongly suggest that there will be interest in communitywide testing for CF carrier status when such a test becomes available in the United Kingdom. 相似文献
82.
Ultrasound examination due to an elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level showed lower extremity asymmetry. The findings were felt to be consistent with Klippel—Trénaunay—Weber syndrome. The pregnancy was terminated based on these findings. The ultrasound findings, confirming post-mortem examination, and counselling issues are discussed. 相似文献
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What resources should be committed to the control of invasive species? This study is based on a survey of nature conservation and forestry authorities, wildlife trusts and private landowners which investigated the extent of the ecological and economic impacts of the invasive non-native plant Rhododendron ponticum in the British Isles. There are data on 52,000 ha of land affected by R. ponticum, more than 30,000 ha of it in nature reserves. For nearly all nature reserves, displacement of native species and habitat changes were both reported. In 2001, respondents controlled 1275 ha of R. ponticum at a cost of pound 670,924. To test the optimality of this, we apply a model of social expenditure. The external costs of R. ponticum control are estimated from the probability that it will spread to contiguous sites and the damage done on invaded sites. These are then used to calculate the socially optimal level of expenditure on R. ponticum control, and the funding gap it identified by comparing the result with current levels of expenditure. The results suggest that a socially optimal level of control effort requires a significant increase in social funding for R. ponticum control, although the size of the increase varies between landholders. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION: Compared to younger age groups, older people are more likely to be seriously injured or to die as a result of a traffic crash. METHOD: The aim of the study is to examine the impact of environmental, vehicle, crash, and driver characteristics on injury severity in older drivers involved in traffic crashes by using recently linked police crash records and hospitalization data from New South Wales, Australia. The severity of injury resulting from traffic crashes was measured using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) Injury Severity Score (ICISS). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified rurality, presence of complex intersections, road speed limit, driver error, speeding, and seat belt use as independent predictors of injury severity in older people. The type of intersection configuration explained over half of the observed variations in injury severity. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Environmental modification such as intersection treatments might contribute to a decrease in the severity of injury in older people involved in road crashes. 相似文献
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Burt JW 《Environmental management》2012,49(3):636-648
Downhill ski areas occupy large expanses of mountainous lands where restoration of ecosystem function is of increasing importance
and interest. Establishing diverse native plant communities on ski runs should enhance sediment and water retention, wildlife
habitat, biodiversity and aesthetics. Because ski slopes are managed for recreation, ski slope revegetation mixes must consist
of low-stature or herbaceous plants that can tolerate typical environmental conditions on ski slopes (high elevation, disturbed
soils, open, steep slopes). The most appropriate reference communities for selecting ski slope revegetation species are thus
successional, or seral plant communities in similar environments (i.e., other ski slopes). Using results from a broad-scale
reference community analysis, I evaluated plant communities naturally occurring on ski slopes from 21 active and abandoned
ski areas throughout the northern Sierra Nevada to identify native plant species suitable for use in ski slope restoration.
I constructed a baseline planting palette of regionally appropriate plant species (for restoration of either newly created
or already existing ski runs) that is functionally diverse and is likely to succeed across a broad range of environments.
I also identify a more comprehensive list of species for more specialized planting mixes based on site-specific goals and
particular environmental settings. Establishing seral plant communities may be an appropriate restoration goal for many other
types of managed lands, including roadsides, firebreaks and utility rights-of-way. This study describes an ecological (and
potentially cost-effective) approach to developing restoration planting palettes for such managed lands. 相似文献
90.
Robert J. Macknight John E. Williamson Joseph J. Sableski JR. James O. Dealy 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):103-125
This paper examines various health effects of photochemical air pollution in Japan, primarily through the review of epidemiological studies. Health effects discussed include subjective respiratory symptoms, respiratory function testing, ocular effects, and hospital diagnostic tests. The downward trend in oxidant cautions and paralleled health effects, as reported by the Japanese Environmental Agency, are discussed. The methods determined by Japanese ordinance for measurement of oxidants, SO2, NO x , and CO are described. 相似文献