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161.
162.
Hartmut Koehler Jürgen Warrelmann Peter Behrend Ingo Dobner Tobias Frische Wolfgang Heyser Bernd Jastorff Ulrich Walter 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2001,13(6):359-368
The final article of a series of three evaluates the in situ-remediation of TNT(trinitrotoluene)-contaminated soil from ‘Werk Tanne’. The multidisciplinary approach allows a differentiated assessment. Grading with large-scale machinery leads to a depletion of TNT for almost 90% within the first 6 months, while ADNT(amino-dinitrotoluene)-content decreases more or less steadily over 1,5 years. Grading reduces the heterogenous distribution of the contamination only slightly. Results from field-monitoring and biotest-battery indicate residual toxicities of ecotoxicological relevance and a reduced capacity for biological regeneration, in comparison with the uncontamined site. Mycorrhized plants safe-guard the site and improve the soilecological conditions. Their role in reducing lower level residual toxicity requires further investigation. There is need for future research (1) on the dynamics and mechanisms of the initial decrease of TNT followed by stagnation, (2) on the fate of the primary metabolites, (3) on long-term effects of the phytoremediation, and (4) on the establishment of the complex monitoring for routine work. 相似文献
163.
164.
Wolfgang Völkl 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2001,49(2-3):135-144
Pauesia picta, P. pinicollis and P. silvestris (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) are common parasitoids of the conifer aphid Cinara pinea, which is regularly attended by red wood ants (Formica spp.). In this study, I tested whether females of these parasitoid species learned during interactions with honeydew-collecting Formica polyctena workers that caution is not necessary if searching behaviour is adapted, and whether parasitoids benefit from being able
to learn. When searching on Scots pines, naive females of P. picta and P. pinicollis generally retreated to a pine needle when making contact with a honeydew-collecting ant, did not approach ants from the side
or from the front and kept a ”safe distance” from ants when sitting on needles. After some non- aggressive ant encounters,
experienced female parasitoids changed their behaviour: they reduced their searching speed, approached ants from the side
and even from the front, retreated less often in response to an approaching ant and reduced the ”safe distance”. These experienced
females had a significantly higher rate of oviposition than naive females or females foraging for an unattended host. Thus,
the ability of the parasitoid to learn during interactions with an antagonist led to a prolonged retention time and a higher
oviposition rate. By contrast, there was no evidence of learning in P. silvestris. Females of this species showed no behavioural change in response to ant encounters, and there was no difference in the foraging
success of naive and experienced female parasitoids.
Received: 7 December 1999 / Revised: 23 September 2000 / Accepted: 10 March 2000 相似文献
165.
Atmospheric concentrations and air-sea exchanges of nonylphenol, tertiary octylphenol and nonylphenol monoethoxylate in the North Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xie Z Lakaschus S Ebinghaus R Caba A Ruck W 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,142(1):170-180
Concentrations of nonylphenol isomers (NP), tertiary octylphenol (t-OP) and nonylphenol monoethoxylate isomers (NP1EO) have been simultaneously determined in the sea water and atmosphere of the North Sea. A decreasing concentration profile appeared following the distance increasing from the coast to the central part of the North Sea. Air-sea exchanges of t-OP and NP were estimated using the two-film resistance model based upon relative air-water concentrations and experimentally derived Henry's law constant. The average of air-sea exchange fluxes was -12+/-6 ng m(-2)day(-1) for t-OP and -39+/-19 ng m(-2)day(-1) for NP, which indicates a net deposition is occurring. These results suggest that the air-sea vapour exchange is an important process that intervenes in the mass balance of alkylphenols in the North Sea. 相似文献
166.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils of the Moscow region: concentrations and small-scale distribution along an urban-rural transect 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wilcke W Krauss M Safronov G Fokin AD Kaupenjohann M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,141(2):327-335
In soils of the Moscow region, we examined PCB concentrations in bulk samples and aggregate fractions. Topsoils under grassland and forest at five locations along a southeast-bound transect from Moscow and at a northeastern background location (grassland only) were analysed. We collected aggregates >1 cm and fractionated them into interior and exterior portions and also analysed the remaining soil without the aggregates >1 cm. The concentrations of the sum of 17 PCBs (sigma17PCBs) in 35 bulk soil samples ranged from 3.1 to 42 microg kg(-1). This was 48-61% of the sigma33PCBs determined in 23 selected samples. The congeners 138(+158), 101 and 52 were most abundant. All PCB concentrations and the degree of chlorination declined with increasing distance from Moscow. The PCBs were accumulated in the aggregate exterior (on average 146% of the sigma17PCBs in bulk soil). We conclude that the ecotoxicological risk of PCBs in soils may not be properly assessed with the conventional bulk soil analysis. 相似文献
167.
168.
Bernhard G. Zimmermann Simon Grill Wolfgang Holzgreve Xiao Yan Zhong Laird G. Jackson Sinuhe Hahn 《黑龙江环境通报》2008,28(12):1087-1093
Recent reports have indicated that digital PCR may be useful for the noninvasive detection of fetal aneuploidies by the analysis of cell-free DNA and RNA in maternal plasma or serum. In this review we provide an insight into the underlying technology and its previous application in the determination of the allelic frequencies of oncogenic alterations in cancer specimens. We also provide an indication of how this new technology may prove useful for the detection of fetal aneuploidies and single gene Mendelian disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
169.
Wolfgang Scharenberg 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(3):171-177
Results from the literature concerning feathers as a matrix for heavy metal accumulation were presented. Especially problems like the differentiation between endo and exogenous contributions, cleaning procedures or the right choice of feather parts were described. The question of the use of feathers for monitoring air, food or bird contamination is also discussed, as well as the advantages or disadvantages of this matrix in comparison to other methods. 相似文献
170.