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381.
The Science of Nature - In this article several compounds with unusual ring systems are surveyed briefly. Saturated and unsaturated monocyclic compounds, polycyclic compounds, and unconventional... 相似文献
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384.
Wolfgang Macka Heinz Wihlidal Gerhard Stahlik Josef Washüttl Engelbert Bancher 《Chemosphere》1979,8(10):787-796
The uptake of radioactively labeled mercury and cadmium ions by living and dead cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardi WT+ was measured at 25 °C under minimal and optimal conditions (dark/nitrogen or light/air, respectively). In each case, incorporation was completely independent of external energy. Living and dead cells incorporated almost the same amount of the added heavy metal ions; after about 4 to 8 hours, saturation was obtained. Furthermore, the distribution of mercury in the system of algea/culture medium/gas phase and the amount of mercury and cadmium adsorbed by cells were studied. 相似文献
385.
This study investigates the effects of workers' perceived participation in democratic decision‐making on their prosocial behavioral orientations, democratic values, commitment to the firm, and perceptions of socio‐moral climate. The sample consists of 325 German‐speaking employees from 22 companies in Austria, North Italy, and Southern Germany that vary in their level of organizational democracy (social partnership enterprises, workers' co‐operatives, democratic reform enterprises, and employee‐owned self‐governed firms). The findings suggest that the extent employees participate in democratic forms of organizational decision‐making is positively related to the firm's socio‐moral climate as well as to their own organizational commitment and prosocial and community‐related behavioral orientations. The results also indicate that socio‐moral climate is positively related to employees' organizational commitment. The effect of participation in decision‐making on organizational commitment is partially mediated by socio‐moral climate. Implications for promoting societal and organizational civic virtues among individuals are described. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
386.
Urban Flood Problems in Dhaka,Bangladesh: Slum Residents’ Choices for Relocation to Flood-Free Areas
This article applies a stated preference choice model to assess trade-offs that residents of two squatter settlements in Dhaka,
Bangladesh might consider if they were given choices for relocation to flood-free areas. The respondents were asked to choose
repeatedly from a set of choice cards, which displayed different configurations of financial incentives for relocation, such
as free or inexpensive land, loans or nonrepayable grants, and provisions for temporary or permanent employment opportunities.
The survey results indicated that despite extensive experience with flood problems, many residents of Mirpur and Vasantek
found that certain configurations of economic incentives were not attractive enough for them to relocate to flood-free areas.
At the same time, they would prefer a reduction in the risk of flooding at their current location. The economic incentives
that would best assist in increasing voluntary relocation of residents from their current locations included free land, nonrepayable
grants (Taka 20,000), and long-term employment opportunities. Further, differences in geographic location (i.e., Mirpur vs.
Vasantek), income levels, and membership in neighborhood communities were linked with the tendency of residents to stay at
their current location. 相似文献
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388.
For wide-area atmospheric monitoring, krypton-85 is the best indicator for clandestine plutonium separations. The detection and false alarm rates were determined from weekly samples at five different distances from the Karlsruhe reprocessing plant between 1985 and 1988. The detection rate for the separation of 4 kg of plutonium per week was found to be as high as 80-90% at a distance of less than 1 km, 70% at 5 km, 40% at 39 km, and 15% at 130 km. At distances up to 40 km, the false alarm rate is less than 3.5%. On average, the fuel released 28 TBq krypton-85 per kg plutonium. For weapons-grade plutonium, the krypton signal would be lower by a factor of 2. Hence, the given percentages correspond to the detection probabilities for the separation of a significant quantity (8 kg) of plutonium per weekly sample under the specific meteorological conditions of the WAK. The minimum separation rates that could have been detected are 2 gram of weapons-grade plutonium per week at a distance of less than 1 km, 40 g/week at 5 km, 200 g/week at 39 km, and 1000 g/week at 130 km. 相似文献
389.
Integrated approaches to urban stormwater drainage management are being increasingly advocated as necessary for advancing more sustainable and holistic management of urban water environments. In this paper, the status of integrated approaches in the management of urban stormwater discharges to receiving waterways is summarized. The starting point of the paper is with the recent scientific contributions, revealing that integration is being pursued and implemented predominantly at two conceptual levels. These include 1) integrating the technical system with the receiving waterway environment, and 2) considering the interaction and influence of the human system with the technical system through processes such as stakeholder and public participation. Additionally, it is argued that the evolving shift towards the implementation of water-quality-based strategies advances the need for further development and application of integrated models and approaches. The cases of online physically based models for predictive control and integrated source control and public participation are presented as examples of such ongoing developments in pursuit of integrated urban stormwater management. 相似文献
390.
Two visitor-monitoring methods, video monitoring and counts by human observers, were compared in order to identify and evaluate their respective advantages and disadvantages. The analysis considered user numbers, user type (walkers, dog walkers, bicyclists, and joggers) and group size of visitors. Remarkable differences were found between the two methods for user type and use levels. At low use levels, evaluations based on video monitoring resulted in fewer single bicyclists compared to counts by human observers, whereas at high use levels, human observers counted fewer walkers and bikers than video-interpreters. Based on this comparative analysis, we derive recommendations for more effective visitor-monitoring approaches. All data were collected during a visitor-monitoring project in the Danube Floodplains National Park in Austria between 1998 and 1999. 相似文献