不同材料加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗震性能试验研究

提出了一种预应力钢带加固钢筋混凝土柱的新技术。进行了2个预应力钢带加固和1个CFRP加固的钢筋混凝土短柱的低周反复加载试验,通过与1个未加固的普通钢筋混凝土短柱的对比研究,比较分析了预应力钢带加固和CFRP加固短柱的破坏形态、滞回曲线、位移延性系数、骨架曲线、耗能性能以及刚度退化。研究结果表明,与未加固短柱相比,预应力钢带加固和CFRP加固的钢筋混凝土短柱极限荷载最大提高幅度分别为30.73%和31.04%,位移延性最大提高幅度分别为32.3%和52%。同等工况下,预应力钢带加固和CFRP加固短柱的抗震性能相近,可防止混凝土压碎剥落和纵筋屈曲,有效抑制混凝土裂缝扩展和减缓试件刚度退化,但预应力钢带加固钢筋混凝土短柱具有显著的经济优势和施工操作优势。     

阶梯型大跨屋盖结构风荷载数值模拟研究

以某阶梯型体育馆为研究对象,基于CFD数值模拟方法,利用RNGκ-ε湍流模型对阶梯型大跨屋盖风荷载进行了研究,并与风洞试验结果进行对比分析,得出阶梯型大跨屋盖结构表面的风压分布及变化规律,为此类复杂体型的大跨结构抗风研究提供依据。结果表明:1CFD数值模拟技术可用于实际结构风荷载的分析研究;2阶梯型屋盖高度差对屋盖表面风压系数有较大影响,高度差较小一侧,屋盖迎风面分块区域的平均风压系数呈负压,高度差较大一侧,屋盖迎风面分块区域的平均风压系数为正压;3此类阶梯型大跨结构屋面风压分布主要以吸力为主;4阶梯型屋盖屋檐处的风压系数较转角凹处小,需对风压系数较高的位置做好预防措施。     

多方法检测的变电设备状态监测装置校验技术

针对目前变电设备状态监测装置入网检测缺乏检测手段和标准体系,导致状态监测数据缺乏可靠性和有效性问题,对变电设备状态监测终端校验方法进行研究,提出了基于多种.方法集成的变电设备状态监测装置校验技术,研制了可对变电设备状态监测装置进行入网检验、远程校验的校验平台。应用结果表明:运用该平台能够在状态监测装置入网之前就发现其缺.陷并加以消除,实现了对状态监测装置通信规约的一致性检测,保证了在线监测系统的稳定、可靠运行。     

元谋干热河谷植物功能性状组合的海拔梯度响应

植物功能性状能够显示对环境变化的响应,不同的适应对策呈现出不同的功能性状组合。干热河谷地区水分是最主要的限制性环境因子,之前的大部分研究都是集中关注于干热河谷局部地段,对于从垂直海拔上来研究不同植物在环境梯度下的变化的研究较少。干热河谷地区由于梵风效应,水分胁迫沿海拔梯度发生变化,一般表现为随海拔高度升高,气温降低,湿度和降水量增加,而蒸发量减小,辐射增强。以云南元谋干热河谷4个海拔梯度（1491.33、1730.20、1850.00、1925.57 m）中的植物为研究对象,选取叶片干物质含量（LDMC）、叶面积（LA）、比叶面积（SLA）、叶片厚度（LT）和叶密度（LD）5个功能性状,研究它们的相互关系,比较了海拔间的差异。结果表明：1）5个功能性状在不同海拔间均呈现出一定差异,变异系数由高到低为LD>LA>SLA>LT>LDMC（分别是101%、64%、56%、41%和19%）;方差分析结果也表明,5个功能性状在不同海拔之间差异显著（F=56.218,P<0.01;F=7.829,P<0.01;F=11.21,P<0.01;F=7.429,P<0.01;F=19.213,P<0.01）,尤其是在最低（1491.33 mm）和最高（1927.57 mm）海拔之间,各性状均具有极显著的差异;2）性状之间存在组合关系, LD与其他性状间相关性最为明显,除LDMC以外,LD与LA、SLA、LT均呈现出极显著负相关关系;LDMC与LA和LT呈极显著负相关;SLA与LA和LT呈正相关,而与LDMC显著负相关;LT与SLA显著正相关,与LA之间相关性不显著;3）在不同的海拔梯度之间,性状组合存在非同步变化现象。研究显示,元谋干热河谷地区,植物对水分环境的海拔梯度变化产生功能性状组合的响应,低海拔和高海拔物种对所处环境的适应策略不同,使得植物在海拔梯度上出现叶片功能性状组合的分化和差异。     

固体装药头部人工脱粘层应力应变仿真分析

目的研究固体发动机药柱头部人工脱粘层在50,20,-40℃等3种温度下的应力应变。方法基于线性粘弹性有限元方法,利用ABAQUS分析软件对药柱应力应变进行仿真。结果得到了人工脱粘层在3种温度条件下的Mises和最大主应力应变云图,及Ⅰ,Ⅱ界面轴向、周向和径向的应力应变对比曲线。结论最大应力应变出现在人工脱粘层根部,应力与环境温度的变化成线性关系,温度变化对Ⅰ界面上脱粘层轴向应变、Ⅱ界面上径向应变影响最大。     

Absorption and recovery of n-hexane in aqueous solutions of fluorocarbon surfactants

n-Hexane is widely used in industrial production as an organic solvent. As an industrial exhaust gas, the contribution of n-hexane to air pollution and damage to human health are attracting increasing attention. In the present study, aqueous solutions of two fluorocarbon surfactants(FSN100 and FSO100) were investigated for their properties of solubilization and dynamic absorption of n-hexane, as well as their capacity for regeneration and n-hexane recovery by thermal distillation. The results show that the two fluorocarbon surfactants enhance dissolution and absorption of n-hexane, and their effectiveness is closely related to their concentrations in solution. For low concentration solutions(0.01%–0.30%), the partition coefficient decreases dramatically and the saturation capacity increases significantly with increasing concentration, but the changes for both are more modest when the concentration is over 0.30%. The FSO100 solution presents a smaller partition coefficient and a greater saturation capacity than the FSN100 solution at the same concentration,indicating a stronger solubilization for n-hexane. Thermal distillation is a feasible method to recover n-hexane from these absorption solutions, and to regenerate them. With 90 sec heating at 80–85°C, the recovery of n-hexane ranges between 81% and 85%, and the regenerated absorption solution maintains its original performance during reuse. This study provides basic information on two fluorocarbon surfactants for application in the treatment of industrial n-hexane waste gases.     

Significance of adverse outcome pathways in biomarker-based environmental risk assessment in aquatic organisms

In environmental risk assessments (ERA), biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes (e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function). To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event (MIE) to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and selenium (Se). Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels. Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment. The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.     

热处理技术去除鸡粪中氟喹诺酮类抗生素及影响因素研究

为了去除鸡粪中氟喹诺酮类(FQs)抗生素(包括诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、洛美沙星、恩诺沙星),研究了温度、停留时间和含水率等因素对热处理技术去除FQs的影响。结果表明:电加热回转炉装置的热处理技术能够有效去除鸡粪中FQs类污染物,在热处理时间一定时,鸡粪中4种FQs去除率随着温度的升高而增加;在处理时间40 min,温度达190℃时,鸡粪中诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、洛美沙星、恩诺沙星去除率达到64.5%~85.1%;温度达220℃时,4种FQs去除率均高于94.1%。热处理鸡粪中FQs应控制鸡粪的含水率低于25%为宜。     

两种国标方法测定大气中二氧化硫的比较研究

国标方法中环境空气中二氧化硫的测定方法主要有甲醛吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法和四氯汞盐吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法.对国标方法中两种副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定环境空气中二氧化硫所用的两种吸收液(四氯汞钾、甲醛)的吸收效果及方法的准确性、精密度等条件作了比较试验.结果表明,采用甲醛溶液作吸收液与四氯汞钾溶液作吸收液相比,吸收效果、精密度和准确度更好,测定的检出限低.用甲醛溶液做吸收液,除了上述优点外,还可避免使用大量的汞盐,有利于环境保护.