Effects of EDTA and low molecular weight organic acids on soil solution properties of a heavy metal polluted soil

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of EDTA and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) on the pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metals in the soil solution in the rhizosphere of Brassica juncea grown in a paddy soil contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The results show that EDTA and LMWOA have no effect on the soil solution pH. EDTA addition significantly increased the TOC concentrations in the soil solution. The TOC concentrations in treatments with EDTA were significantly higher than those in treatments with LMWOA. Adding 3 mmol kg(-1) EDTA to the soil markedly increased the total concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil solution. Compared to EDTA, LMWOA had a very small effect on the metal concentrations. Total concentrations in the soil solution followed the sequence: EDTA > citric acid (CA) approximately oxalic acid (OA) approximately malic acid (MA) for Cu and Pb; EDTA > MA > CA approximately OA for Zn; and EDTA > MA > CA > OA for Cd. The labile concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd showed similar trends to the total concentrations.     

废水中2,6-二硝基酚厌氧毒性和降解动力学研究

在中温(35℃±1℃)厌氧条件下,以葡萄糖为共基质,采用间歇实验方法,研究了2,6-二硝基酚(2,6-DNP)的厌氧产甲烷毒性和厌氧降解动力学.厌氧毒性试验(ATA)以累计产甲烷量和相对活性(RA)为指标,评价了不同浓度2,6-DNP对产甲烷菌的抑制程度;结果表明,2,6-DNP浓度＜20 mg/L时,对产甲烷菌没有抑制作用,浓度为40 mg/L时产生轻度抑制,浓度为80～120 mg/L时产生重度抑制;24 h 2,6-DNP的75%、50%、25%相对抑制浓度分别为30、70和＞120 mg/L.2,6-DNP降解动力学可用Haldane方程来描述,利用非线性拟合求得动力学参数Ks、Rm、Ki分别为179.7 mg/L、4.84 mg/g VSS·h、206.5 mg/L,方差R2=0.94,拟合效果很好.     

Sequential coupling of bio-augmented permeable reactive barriers for remediation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane contaminated groundwater

Sequential coupling of high-density luffa sponge (HDLS) immobilized microorganism and permeable reactive barriers (IM Bio-PRBs) was superior to intimate coupling of free microorganism and permeable reactive barriers (FM Bio-PRBs) for remediation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane contaminated groundwater. IM Bio-PRBs had much better performance to removal 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) and prevent the transport of 1,1,1-TCA and inorganic ions (NO₃^?, PO₄^3?, and SO₄^2?). The majority of them were prevented and accumulated in upgradient of IM Bio-PRBs. 1,1,1-TCA and inorganic ions in there contributed to the much faster growth of microorganism in upgradient aquifer. Therefore, the removal of 1,1,1-TCA and consumption of inorganic ions in upgradient of Bio-PRBs played a constructive role in reducing the processing load of following zero-valent iron (ZVI) PRBs and the negative effect of free microorganism cells (biological clogging) and inorganic ions (chemical clogging) on Bio-PRB permeability. In addition, IM Bio-PRBs were more conducive to accelerate the removal of 1,1,1-TCA in long-term remediation and 1,1,1-TCA residual concentration significantly lower than the safety standard of 0.2 mg L^?1. The change of terminal by-products of 1,1,1-TCA contaminated groundwater in Bio-PRBs showed that 1,1,1-TCA could be effectively de-chlorinated and mineralized in Bio-PRBs. The reductant H₂S (prolong the service life of ZVI-PRBs) was much more produced and utilized in IM Bio-PRBs. Taken together, sequentially coupled IM Bio-PRBs had a better overall performance, and its service life could be prolonged. It was a different design and idea to update conventional PRB remediation technology and theory.

     

不同级配垃圾焚烧底渣固化市政污泥工程特性分析

开展了（炉排炉和流化床炉）两种垃圾焚烧底渣与固化剂共同作用下固化市政污泥的工程特性研究。分析了两种底渣化学成份及物理级配上的差异,重点考察了在密封养护情况下,测定了不同底渣固化体的含水率、pH值、无侧限抗压强度及28d渗透系数等工程特性指标。研究结果表明：相同含量的两种底渣固化体含水率及pH相同,且含水率随底渣含量增加而降低,而pH值随底渣含量增加而增加;随着底渣含量增加,级配良好的炉排炉底渣固化体强度比级配不良的流化床底渣固化体强度从高8 kPa增加到30 kPa;受底渣级配的影响,炉排炉底渣固化体渗透系数随底渣含量增加而增大,而流化床底渣固化体渗透系数基本不变。级配良好的炉排炉底渣固化体工程特性优于级配不良的流化床底渣固化体,具有更强的骨架作用。研究成果为污泥及垃圾焚烧底渣填埋处置提供了科学借鉴。     

汽车尾气催化转化器模型研究进展

本文主要介绍汽车尾气催化转化器模型的研究进展 ,包括反应器内气体流动特性、单通道反应器内的传递现象和反应动力学、通道间的热传递和反应行为的模拟 ;并指出认识反应器内的各种特性和规律对设计汽车尾气催化转化器的必要性和意义     

地下水环境中反硝化作用

地下水氮污染已是全球性的环境问题 ,反硝化作用是地下水脱氮的主要机制。本文综述了地下水环境中反硝化作用的判据、速率、影响因素以及人工强化措施 ,指出了存在的问题和今后的发展方向     

白腐菌对芳香族化合物的降解途径

白腐菌 (Whiterotfungi)是目前所发现的对芳香族化合物有很强降解能力的一类微生物。本文探讨了降解芳香族化合物的白腐菌种及其代谢化合物的主要类型 ,分析了对不同化合物的不同代谢途径 ,同时展望了其应用前景     

用磁选与浮选实现碱洗废液的净化与再用

碱洗是硅钢生产的重要环节。碱洗液随使用时间的延长 ,其中会累积大量杂质 ,造成碱液清洗效率下降而失效。本文使用磁选与浮选联合法去除碱液中的杂质 ,达到了提高碱洗效率并实现碱液的循环再用     

Hydroxyl radical scavenging role of chloride and bicarbonate ions in the H2O2/UV process

Simultaneous effect of inorganic anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate ions, on the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (HO*) in the H2O2/UV process is the focus of this paper. The model compound of n-chlorobutane (BuCl) was used as the probe of HO*. By changing the pH conditions (2-9) and the concentrations of NaCl (0.25-2500 mM) and NaHCO3 (25 mM), the variation of HO* concentrations and the rate of H2O2 decomposition were compared. In general, the BuCl and H2O2 follow closely the first-order reaction within the first 10 and 40 min, respectively. In the presence of chloride alone at the pH range of 2-6, the HO* concentration in the reaction mixture increases with the increase of pH, and the HO* concentration at pH = 6 is 100 times of that at pH = 2. Including bicarbonate species in the solution, the peak HO* concentration was found at a certain pH, which shifts from 4, 5, to 5-7, as the molar ratios of chloride/bicarbonate species increase from 1 to 100. In addition, without bicarbonate species HO* concentration decreases significantly with increasing chloride concentration but remained rather unchanged beyond 1250 mM. In contrast, the HO* scavenging in the presence of bicarbonate species became relatively significant only when the chloride concentration reached beyond 250 mM. Throughout all experiments of different water quality conditions, the H2O2 decomposition rate remains rather unchanged.     

生物炭基固定化菌剂对石油类污染物的高效降解

以生物炭为载体,采用吸附法制备固定化菌剂,通过分析不同材料生物炭的结构差异,探讨了不同生物炭的结构在固定化中的影响机制。SEM和EDS分析表明,降解菌主要固定在生物炭表面。生物炭内含有C、N和P成分,能为降解菌提供营养物质。生物炭的多孔结构能促进石油污染物的降解。结果表明,经玉米芯和秸秆生物炭固定化后F-3、R-7及其混合菌的除油率显著提高,分别为41.7%和29.5%、52.5%和42.8%、63.8%和53.2%。玉米芯生物炭固定化菌剂的除油率比秸秆生物炭固定化菌剂高10.6%。玉米芯生物炭表面比秸秆生物炭粗糙,其固定的微生物量为4.2×1010 cfu·g-1,固定效率达71.2%;秸秆生物炭固定的微生物量为2.5×1010 cfu·g-1,固定效率为57.6%。固定化菌剂的最佳制备条件为：选择500℃下热解3 h的玉米芯生物炭为载体,微生物接种量为10%,载体投加量为10 g·L-1,置于35℃、130 r·min-1摇床中固定18 h。