藻类生态毒理学研究进展

综述了重金属和部分有机化合物对藻类的生态毒理效应,并探讨了藻类对污染物的富集和降解机制.大量研究证实,重金属对藻类在各个水平上均产生影响,但不同重金属对不同的藻种有不同的毒性效应.而有机物对藻类的影响则可归纳为4个方面.     

脉冲电晕放电治理有机废气的研究--放电反应器结构

对脉冲电晕法治理甲苯有机废气进行了实验,考察了放电反应器结构及参数对其性能的影响.结果表明,对线-筒式反应器,当直径较小时,去除率较高,但易发生火花放电,实验条件下直径20mm的反应器效果较好.若采用陶瓷管反应器,其效果较金属管明显提高,脉冲峰值电压Vp为42kV时,可使甲苯的去除率由40%提高到61%左右.对线-板式反应器,放电间隙越大,甲苯的去除率越低,使用陶瓷板反应器可使甲苯去除率明显提高.     

喷雾干燥脱硫法中石灰浆液特性的影响

以模拟实验研究了喷雾干燥脱硫法中吸收剂有效钙含量、粒度、浆液固含量及添加剂等石灰浆液参数对脱硫过程的影响，并作了分析。     

Soil water characteristics in mountain poplar stand and its benefits to soil and water conservation in loess hilly region

ＳｏｉｌｗａｔｅｒｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｉｎｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｐｏｐｌａｒｓｔａｎｄａｎｄｉｔｓｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｔｏｓｏｉｌａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｉｎｌｏｅｓｓｈｉｌｌｙｒｅｇｉｏｎＷｕＱｉｎｘｉａｏ；ＬｉｕＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ...     

湖泊沉积物－水界面的HCO_3~－地球化学研究

为了解沉积物－水界面作为水体ＨＣＯ_３~－的源还是汇，选择云南洱海和泸沽湖两个湖泊，通过界面精细剖面和平衡计算，揭示了ＨＣＯ_３~－在界面的地球化学行为。结果表明，界面作为ＨＣＯ_３~－的源，并非汇，通过沉积物和水相互作用可以影响上覆水体的酸碱平衡关系。     

加压活性炭生物膜法处理DSD有机废水

采用加压活性炭生物膜法处理以对硝基甲苯磺酸盐为主的难降解的有机废水的研究,是在活性炭生物膜法处理有机废水基础上发展起来的新技术。本实验结果表明,在加压9.8×10~4Pa(1kgt/cm~2)的条件下,COD_(Cr)去除率为62％～70％,比常压活性炭生物膜法高20％～25％;其容积负荷Nv=1.7～2.9kgCOD/m~3·d,比一般活性污泥法高3～6倍。     

毛细管色谱-多离子检测质谱法测定土壤中2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁(2,3,7,8-TCDD)

环境中的多氯二苯并二(口恶)(口英)(PCDD_s)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF_s)是当今最受重视的污染物之一,其中PCDD_s有75个异构体而PCDF_s有135个异构体,它们的毒性大小显著地依赖于氯原子的取代数和取代位置,由于这类污染物的低溶解度和高的辛醇/水分配系数,主要分布在土壤(85％)和沉积物(14％)中,只有1％进入空气、水和生物体.在自然环境中这类污染物代谢降解速度缓慢,从而增加了环境污染的复杂性.而鉴别这类污染物就成为一个主要研究课题.     

Status of air pollution in Beijing

A study has been made on elements organic constituents, TSP, SO2,NO2 of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing. 17 elements, and some PAHs, e. g. B(a)P, B(b, j, k)P, and B(g, h, i)P, in airborne particles by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and HPLC, GC/MS, have been determined respectively. It has been shown that the elements Pb, Zn, S and Cu were more enriched in fine particles and different valence states of sulfur at various sites. It was found that the concentrations of S6+ and S2-were more than 85% and less than 15% of the total sulfur respectively. Concentrations of major PAHs and sulfur-containing compounds increased in winter and in urban area. High values for Pb and Zn in city, Fe and Mn at industrial area and Cu, Al rural sites were obtained respectively. This implies the functions of different elemental sources of various sites. Thus, elements can be from distingushed anthropogenic and natural sources.The main contribution of SO2 was found of to have same seasonal variation as the anthropogenic el     

降解酚的根瘤菌的研究

对两铢以铺代谢方式降解酚和离体固氮的根瘤菌(代号为:101-3,97-1)的特性进行了研究,其耐酚能力在1200ppm内,五天内能在完全培养基中把300ppm苯酚降解完;在含酚培养基中多次传代后,生长周期加快、产气,而结瘤特性丧失,但离体固氮酶活性比原菌株略有增加。经60ppm的吖啶橙处理后,获得的无质粒菌株,其降解酚的能力和结瘤特性完全消失,TTC(3-苯基-4-氮唑化氯)还原性增加,而革兰氏染色反应、运功性不变。     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ)on a green alga(ChloreUa pyrenoidosa)in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples(without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ)was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ)concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ)on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ)concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ)from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ)played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.