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91.
Historical trends of heavy metal contamination and their sources in lacustrine sediment from Xijiu Lake, Taihu Lake Catchment, China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg in Xijiu Lake sediment from the Taihu Lake catchment, China, were analyzed. Their contamination state was investigated based on the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors. Statistical analysis was used to differentiate the anthropogenic versus natural sources of heavy metals (HMs), and the anthropogenic accumulation fluxes were calculated to quantify anthropogenic contribution to HMs. The results indicated that the lake sediment had been heavily contaminated by Cd, enrichment of Zn and Hg was at a relatively high level, while that of Cu and Pb was in the lower-to-moderate level and Cr was in the low enrichment level. Sources of Cr in the sediment were mainly from natural inputs, while other metals, especially Cd, were predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources. In the past century, anthropogenic accumulation fluxes of Pb, Zn and Hg increased by 0.1-47.3 mg/(cm2.yr), 2.4-398.1 mg/(cm2.yr), and 3.7-110.3 ng/(m2.yr), respectively, accounting for most inputs of HMs entering the sediment. The contamination state of HMs varied with industrial development of the catchment, which demonstrated that contamination started in the early 20th century, reached the maximal level between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s, and decreased a little after the implementation of constraints on high contamination industries, although the contamination of some HMs, such as Cd, Zn and Hg, is still at high levels. 相似文献
92.
Zhixiang Zhou Tong Shao Mengnan Qin Xiaoyan Miao Yu Chang Wang Sheng Fengshang Wu Yunjiang Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):182-187
The purpose of this study was to examine the direct toxicity of PM2.5 collected from Beijing on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). A Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8) assay demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dosedependent manner. We also found that PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in HUVECs, as evidenced by:(1) an increased number of double-membrane vesicles;(2) enhanced conversion and punctuation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3); and(3) decreased levels of the selective autophagy substrate p62 in a time-dependent manner.Furthermore, promoting autophagy in PM2.5-exposed HUVECs with rapamycin increased the cell survival rate, whereas inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine significantly decreased cell survival. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce cytotoxicity and autophagy in HUVECs and that autophagy play a protective role against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. The findings of the present study imply a direct toxic effect of PM2.5 on HUVECs and provide novel insight into the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure. 相似文献
93.
垃圾填埋场有机污染物的生物降解机理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
概述了垃圾填埋场中微生物的作用特性,微生物对有机污染物的降解及其影响因素,介绍了有机污染物降解的两种生化动力学模型:“速度指数模型”和“双曲线速度模型”,以及垃圾降解的动力学方程。 相似文献
94.
随着电梯的广泛使用,钢丝绳断丝、断股导致的事故时有发生,电梯电动机运转时间限制器的重要性越来越凸显出来。针对电梯电动机运转时间限制器落后的检验现状,根据实际现场检验经验,通过分析电梯的控制原理,总结了一种新的检验方法,该方法安全性高,实用性强,操作方便。 相似文献
95.
以成年产卵来航母鸡为试验动物,研究了三甲基苯基磷酸酯(Tri-o-CresylPhos-phate,TOCP)诱导的迟发性神经毒性.试验发现,母鸡口服TOCP(750mg/kg)后,经过大约8-10d的潜伏期开始出现中毒症状,其表现为以步态失调为主要特征的运动障碍呈进行性加重,至第21d开始便发展为瘫痪,对鸡脑神经病损靶标酯酶(NeuropathyTargetEnzyme,NTE)活性的测定表明,有机械诱导的迟发性神经毒性(Organophosphate-InducedDelayedPolyneuropathy,OPIDP)与NTE活性抑制之间的关系不平行,其毒性症状的轻重与NTE活性被抑制的强弱也不呈正相关,很可能,在给药后24h,体内OPIDP已被触发,此外,实验观察到给予TOCP后被试鸡的体重明显下降。 相似文献
96.
CVM法对长江口海洋生态价值的评价应用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
运用CVM法探讨评价长江口海洋生态价值,结合长江口海洋产业的发展与生态环境实际,模拟市场条件进行主观意愿评价,阐述CVM法在长江口海洋生态价值评价应用中的可行性和有效性的同时,对CVM法使用时产生的偏差提出解决的方法,为长江口海洋产业绿色GDP核算提供科学方法和依据。 相似文献
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100.
Adsorption of mixed cationic-nonionic surfactant and its effect on bentonite structure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The adsorption of cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant onto bentonite and its effect on bentonite structure were investigated. The objective was to improve the understanding of surfactant behavior on clay mineral for its possible use in remediation technologies of soil and groundwater contaminated by toxic organic compounds. The cationic surfactant used was hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HDPB), and the nonionic surfactant was Triton X-100 (TX100). Adsorption of TX100 was enhanced significantly by the addition of HDPB, but this enhancement decreased with an increase in the fraction of the cationic surfactant. Part of HDPB was replaced by TX100 which decreased the adsorption of HDPB. However, the total adsorbed amount of the mixed surfactant was still increased substantially, indicating the synergistic effect between the cationic and nonionic surfactants. The surfactant-modified bentonite was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses. Surfactant intercalation was found to decrease the bentonite specific surface area, pore volume, and surface roughness and irregularities, as calculated by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The co-adsorption of the cationic and nonionic surfactants increased the ordering conformation of the adsorbed surfactants on bentonite, but decreased the thermal stability of the organobentonite system. 相似文献