Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

扎龙保护区野生丹顶鹤种群现状及保护对策

对多年扎龙湿地野生丹顶鹤的种群数量及繁殖情况的调查数据作了详细统计,阐述了种群数量和繁殖巢数变化的原因,分析了丹顶鹤生存环境面临的威胁因素,并提出了相应的保护措施.     

Chronic toxicity of copper on embryo development in Chinese toad, Bufo gargarizans

This study examined the effects of copper exposure on embryonic development of Chinese toad, Bufo gargarizans. Firstly, the LC₅₀ values from 24 to 96 h of exposure were 3.61 × 10⁻⁶ M, by means of a 4 d toxicity test with B. gargarizans embryos. Secondly, Chinese toad embryos were exposed to 10⁻⁹-10⁻⁶ M copper from mid gastrula stage to operculum completion stage. Measurements included mortality, tadpole weight, tadpole total length, growth retardation, duration of different embryo stages and malformation. Embryonic survival was not affected by copper. Relative to control tadpoles, significantly decreased weight and total length were found at 10^-9-10^-6 M reduced percentage of the embryos in right operculum stage after 10 d exposure to copper and reduced percentage of embryos in operculum completion stage after 12 d exposure to copper were also observed. Moreover, the duration of embryonic development increased at neural, circulation and operculum development stage in copper-treated groups. For the scanning microscope and histological observation, the abnormalities were malformation of wavy dorsal fin, flexural tail, curvature body axis, yolk sac oedema and reduced pigmentation in the yolk sac. Histopathological changes in olfactory, retinal epithelium and skin were also observed. DNA strand breaks exposed to the copper were analyzed by DNA ladder. In conclusion, copper induced toxic effects on B. gargarizans embryos. The present study indicated chronic toxicity tests may provide more accurate way in formulating the “safe levels” of heavy metals to amphibian.     

膜萃取处理水溶液中镉、锌离子的工艺

以P204+正庚烷为萃取剂,将中空纤维膜萃取技术用于处理水溶液中镉离子、锌离子.研究了两相流速、初始浓度及溶液pH等因素对传质系数和萃取率的影响,计算了膜萃取器的传质单元高度(HTU)_w,同时还研究了萃取剂的再生问题.实验结果表明,在低浓度下(＜500 mg/L),平衡分配系数较大,传质阻力主要是在水相;在初始浓度较高时(＜2000mg/L),由于分配系数较小,三项传质阻力均不可忽略;在初始浓度很高时(＞2000mg/L),传质由有机相和膜相阻力控制.实验还表明通过膜器串联可以实现萃取剂的再生.对于稀溶液(＜200mg/L),中空纤维膜萃取可以使水溶液中金属离子浓度减小2个数量级,通过计算,中空纤维膜萃取器(HTU)_w在15～30cm之间,大大低于传统的萃取塔.     

煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术处理有机废水的研究

介绍了煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术对有机废水的处理研究。结果表明,当有机废水中COD_Cr为1162mg/L,SS为382mg/L时,该技术对有机废水COD_Cr的去除率达96.9%,悬浮物的去除率达91.5%,处理废水的运行费用为0.22元/t。      

Effects of sediment dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake

Effects of suction dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake,were evaluated.The results showed that a decreasing trend for levels of phosphorus,organic matter,total suspended solids,Chlorophyll a and Secchi transparency in the water column was found,while levels of water depth,electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids and NO 3--N concentration increased markedly post-dredging.The effects of dredging on dissolved oxygen,pH value and temperature were alm...     

光氧化吸附矿井水中微量有机物试验研究

针对目前煤矿矿井水资源化过程中存在有机污染物的问题，考察了采用紫外光氧化分解的机理及影响因素。结果表明：紫外光对矿井水中有机物（主要是乳化油）有一定的氧化分解能力，能有效地促使有机物大分子破裂，有利于活性炭的吸附处理。在合理的工艺条件下，可使水中有机物去除率达到95%以上。     

环境介质中铊的分布和运移综述

本文综述了铊在岩矿石、土壤、植物、动物及大气等环境介质中的分布和运移机理及一些生物效应。在矿床中 ,铊主要分布在低温热液铊、铅、锌、锑、汞、砷等矿床中 ,铊的富集与其亲硫性及有机质密切相关 ,[TlCl4 ]-是铊迁移的主要形式。在土壤中 ,铊主要以水溶态、硫化物结合态、硅酸盐结合态和有机质结合态存在 ,水溶态的铊容易迁移。在植物中 ,铊的运移与钾在植物中的传输有关。在动物中 ,铊对各组织器官的亲和能力依次为 :肾 >睾丸 >脾 >前列腺 >毛发。在大气中 ,铊主要以TlF形式迁移     

环境中二噁(口英)及其检测技术进展

从二(?)(?)类化合物的结构、来源、毒性等简要说明对其监测的必要性,且从仪器监测(包括气相色谱、气质联用、串联质谱等)和生物监测(包括利用指示生物、生物标志物等)概述了80年代以来国内外对二(?)(?)类物质尤其是几种极毒性化合物如多氯代二苯二(?)(?)(PCDDs)和多氯代二苯呋喃(PCDFs)等化合物的检测技术成果。