皮江法炼镁行业清洁生产评价方法研究

文章在查阅大量国内外相关统计数据、国家行业标准及对镁行业专家进行咨询基础上,确定了指标体系中各指标的国际先进水平、国内先进水平、国内一般水平、淘汰水平四个等级的标准值。采用层次分析法确定指标权重,将专家意见和分析者的判断直接而有效的综合起来,在此基础上,采用模糊数学中的综合评判方法进行定量分析,并运用"最大隶属度"原则进行评价,判断出清洁生产水平等级和存在问题的环节。     

皮江法炼镁行业清洁生产指标体系建立

通过对皮江法炼镁行业生产工艺的深入分析,按照内容全面兼具科学性、简洁性和开放性的设计原则下,结合理论分析、专家咨询、频度统计法等方法初步提出皮江法炼镁行业的清洁生产指标体系.该指标体系包括定性指标、定量指标两大类,其中定性指标分为环境管理与安全卫生、原材料质量、工艺技术特征、污染物排放情况四个一级指标,定量指标分为资源消耗,能源消耗、综合利用、工艺技术、污染物排放五个一级指标.     

上海市PM2.5的物理化学特征及其生物活性研究

采集了上海市区和郊区春季和夏季的大气PM_2.5样品,分析了市区和郊区春夏2季PM_2.5质量浓度变化的规律,使用PIXE(Proton Induced X-ray Emission)分析技术获得S、K、Ca、Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Br、Sr、Pb等15种元素的质量浓度.结果表明,上海PM_2.5中化学元素的质量浓度在春季　(5?038.6 ng·m^-3) 比在夏季 (3?810.6 ng·m^-3) 高,春季郊区(2?528.9 ng·m^-3) 和市区(2?509.7 ng·m^-3) PM_2.5中化学元素的质量浓度相当,夏季市区样品 (1?674.2 ng·m^-3) 中化学元素质量浓度的总量比郊区(2?136.3 ng·m^-3) 的低,但来自人为污染的化学元素 (Cr、Mn、Ti、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Br、Sr、Pb) 在市区PM_2.5中的含量较高;场发射扫描电镜 (FESEM) 分析显示,上海PM_2.5主要由烟尘集合体、燃煤飞灰、矿物颗粒、生物质颗粒和不明物质组成,质粒DNA评价揭示上海市区PM_2.5比郊区的具有更强的生物活性,主要原因可能在于市区样品中含有较高的重金属元素和较多的烟尘集合体．     

Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers among workers at an electronic waste dismantling region in Guangdong, China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the PBDE serum levels in residents from an electronic waste dismantling region, residents living within 50 km of the dismantling region, and a referent group with no occupational PBDE exposure. Fourteen PBDE congeners including BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, BDE-196, BDE-197, BDE-203, BDE-206, BDE-207, BDE-208 and BDE-209 were quantified in these three groups by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. We found that the levels of all PBDE congeners in serum of residents from electronic waste dismantling region were significantly higher than those in the two other groups. The referents showed the lowest PBDE levels. Concentrations of congeners with a high number of bromine substituents, i.e., hepta- to decaBDEs in occupational exposure workers were 11-20 times higher than those in the referent group. BDE-209 was the dominant congener. The highest concentration of BDE-209 was observed among the electronic waste dismantling workers, and it was 3436 ng g(-1) lipid weight (ng g(-1) l.w.), which is the highest concentration of BDE-209 in humans worldwide. Some higher brominated PBDE congeners such as BDE-197, BDE-207 and BDE-208 also showed elevated concentrations in dismantling workers. This study confirms that BDE-209 is released to the environment and can bioaccumulate in the blood of electronic waste dismantling workers, and extensive occupational exposure to PBDEs leads to elevated concentrations of all PBDE congeners in serum.     

Distribution of PBDEs in air particles from an electronic waste recycling site compared with Guangzhou and Hong Kong, South China

Air samples of total suspended particles (TSP, particles less than 30-60 microm), and particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) were collected simultaneously at Guiyu (an electronic waste recycling site), three urban sites in Hong Kong and two urban sites in Guangzhou, South China from 16 August to 17 September 2004. Twenty-two PBDE congeners (BDE-3, -7, -15, -17, -28, -49, -71, -47, -66, -77, -100, -119, -99, -85, -126, -154, -153, -138, -156, -184, -183, -191) in TSP and PM(2.5) were measured. The results showed that the overall average concentrations of TSP and PM(2.5) collected at Guiyu were 124 and 62.1 microg m(-3), respectively. The monthly concentrations of the sum of 22 BDE congeners contained in TSP and PM(2.5) at Guiyu were 21.5 and 16.6 ng m(-3), with 74.5 and 84.3%, contributed by nine congeners (BDE-28, -47, -66, -100, -99, -154, -153, -183 and -191 respectively). This pattern was similar to Tsuen Wan site of Hong Kong. Two urban sites of Guangzhou had the same congener pattern, but were different from Yuen Long and Hok Tsui sites of Hong Kong. The results also showed that the amount of mono to penta brominated congeners, which are more toxic, accounted for 79.4-95.6% of Sigma(22)PBDEs from all sites. All congeners tested in Guiyu were up to 58-691 times higher than the other urban sites and more than 100 times higher than other studies reported elsewhere. The higher concentration in the air was due to heating or opening burning of electronic waste since PBDEs are formed when plastics containing brominated flame retardants are heated.     

三种水生植物对水体中营养物质吸附性能的对比分析

在人工模拟稻田水的条件下,文章利用芦苇、睡莲、菖蒲三种水生植物吸附稻田退水中的营养物质—氮和磷。本实验的稻田水主要是人工模拟的稻田水,同时配置了不同的营养物质浓度。实验结果表明:三种水生植物对稻田排水中的营养物质具有较好的吸附性能。其中,芦苇对稻田退水中TN、TP的吸附效果较好,去除率分为:79%、96%。本实验采用的植物混种法对于去除水体中营养物质也具有较好的吸附作用,特别是芦苇和菖蒲组合对水中TP的去除率高达97%。     

三种水生植物对水体中营养物质吸附性能的对比分析

在人工模拟稻田水的条件下,文章利用芦苇、睡莲、菖蒲三种水生植物吸附稻田退水中的营养物质一氮和磷。本实验的稻田水主要是人工模拟的稻田水,同时配置了不同的营养物质浓度。实验结果表明：三种水生植物对稻田排水中的营养物质具有较好的吸附性能。其中,芦苇对稻田退水中TN、TP的吸附效果较好,去除率分为：79％、96％。本实验采用的植物混种法对于去除水体中营养物质也具有较好的吸附作用,特别是芦苇和菖蒲组合对水中TP的去除率高达97％。     

地埋式生活污水处理技术的应用与研究进展

结合国内学者对地埋式污水处理技术的最新研究成果,系统介绍了地埋式生活污水处理技术的特点、分类以及应用现状,根据工艺、处理效果、投资运行费用等方面对不同类型地埋式生活污水处理技术的适用范围进行了详细地划分,为其进一步应用和推广提供理论依据。     

一种应用于大型储罐的雷击电流监测分析方法

介绍了剩磁法原理和剩磁检测依据标准,使用雷电流发生器和高斯计对磁钢棒的剩磁状况进行了初步的试验研究。     

上海崇明岛农田土壤中有机氯农药残留特征

为研究崇明岛农田土壤中有机氯农药（OCPs）的残留特征,于2008年7月采集崇明岛农田表层土壤30个.利用加速溶剂萃取仪（ASE）萃取,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-μECD）分析.结果表明,在采集的土壤样品（干重）中,OCPs的含量范围为3.11～117.47 ng.g-1（平均值26.25 ng.g-1）;主...