The influencing factors of the WTP for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents in China

To explore the factors that influence respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the risk reduction of chemical industry accidents, a questionnaire survey combined with contingent valuation and psychometric paradigm methods were conducted in the city of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China. Both traditional socioeconomic variables and perceived characteristics of the hazards were considered in this study, and a Tobit model was used to find the factors influencing WTP under three risk reduction scenarios. The results showed that three demographic characteristics, age, gender, and income, significantly affected the WTP for chemical risk reduction. In addition, three extracted public risk perception factors, effect, knowledge, and trust, also strongly affected the WTP. The mean WTP value increased as the magnitude of the risk reduction increased. The number of factors influencing the WTP decreased as the reduction level improved, and only the effect factor had a significant influence on the WTP for a higher level (80%) of risk reduction. The cost for chemical safety management of Yancheng was calculated, and the optimized risk reduction level was determined. These findings can assist governments and policy makers to formulate suitable strategies for risk control, to reach target groups of people to develop effective communication, and to provide specific references for the best investment for the security of local residents.     

Effects of obstacles and deposited coal dust on characteristics of premixed methane–air explosions in a long closed pipe

An experimental system including pressure transducer, electric spark ignition device, data acquisition and control unit was set up to investigate methane–air explosions in a horizontal pipe closed at both ends with or without the presence of obstacles and deposited coal dust. The experimental results show that explosion characteristics depended on the methane content, on the layout of obstacles, and on the deposited coal dust. Pressure fluctuation with a frequency of 150 Hz appeared in its crest when the methane content was close to the stoichiometric ratio (9.5% methane percentage by volume). The pressure rise rate increased locally when a single obstacle was mounted in the pipe, but it had little effect on the pressure peak. Repeated obstacles mounted in the pipe caused the pressure to rise sharply, and the mean maximum explosion overpressure increased with the increase of the obstacle’s number. The amplitude of pressure fluctuation was reduced when deposited coal dust was paved in the bottom of the pipe. However, when repeated obstacles were arranged inside, the maximum overpressures were higher with coal dust deposited than pure gas explosions.     

2种BDPs固相反硝化的脱氮效果对比

利用批量和连续流填充床试验对比了2种BDPs(可生物降解聚合物)——PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)和PCL(聚ε-己内酯)的反硝化效果. 批量试验结果表明,在脱氮稳定阶段,B1(PCL)和B2(PBS)对TN的平均去除率和反硝化速率分别为97.4%、67.0%和7.5、1.8 mg/(L·h),B2均明显优于B1. 连续流试验中,在进水ρ(NO₃--N)为16.8～18.8 mg/L、HRT(水力停留时间)为4.0 h的条件下,L1(PCL填充床)的反硝化速率大于L2(PBS填充床). 但是随着HRT的减小,L1呈现出比L2更快的反硝化速率. L2和L1分别在HRT为2.0和1.5 h时获得最大反硝化速率,分别为7.7和9.3 mg/(L·h). ESEM(环境扫描电子显微镜)观察结果表明,生物膜剥离后,PCL和PBS颗粒表面均出现大量的坑洞,并且PCL颗粒表面坑洞的密集程度远大于PBS. 三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)分析结果表明,L2和L1出水中的溶解性有机物主要为类色氨酸这类简单的蛋白质和SMP(溶解性微生物代谢产物),并且L1水中SMP的荧光峰强度明显高于L2.      

ZnO纳米粒子通过线粒体通路抑制小鼠光感受器细胞Na~+/K~+-ATP酶表达和活性的作用研究

氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粒子已被发现具有生物毒性,氧化应激被认为是最重要的因素之一。前期实验证实,ZnO纳米粒子能显著减少锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn SOD)蛋白的表达,降低Mn SOD活性。本文通过检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放、线粒体活性氧(ROS)水平和膜电位(Δφm)、延迟整流钾电流变化和Na~+/K~+-ATP酶的表达及活性等变化,检测ZnO纳米粒子对小鼠光感受器细胞的细胞毒作用。结果表明,ZnO纳米粒子可显著增强小鼠光感受器细胞中LDH的释放、增加线粒体内ROS水平并下调Δφm、阻断延迟整流钾电流,同时降低Na~+/K~+-ATP酶的表达及活性,从而对小鼠视网膜光感受器细胞产生细胞毒作用,提示ZnO纳米粒子可通过线粒体通路引起氧化应激,从而抑制小鼠光感受器细胞Na~+/K~+-ATP酶表达和活性,产生细胞毒性,导致细胞死亡。本文的研究结果有助于理解ZnO纳米粒子引起细胞毒性的作用机理。     

基于混沌策略文化差分进化算法的动态环境经济调度

针对风电并网影响建立一个含风电场的动态环境经济调度模型,该模型以运行成本及污染气体排放为目标,考虑实际中存在的各种等式约束和不等式约束,提出基于混沌策略的文化差分进化算法( chaotic cultural differential evolution,CCDE)以求解该模型。将混沌参数调整策略融入文化差分进化算法,与自适应柯西变异结合,有利于跳出局部最优。采用动态约束处理方法结合罚函数使得群体空间的个体满足约束。仿真结果表明CCDE算法能有效处理该模型并且得到较优的调度方案。     

企业安全文化与HSE管理体系

从建立健康、安全与环境 (HSE)管理体系的基本思路、现状和发展趋势 ,以及中国石油化工集团公司HSE系列标准的内容、指导原则和建立HSE管理体系的理念等方面 ,阐述了HSE管理的建立、推行和发展的过程 ,HSE管理体系的建立和发展是石油石化企业在安全文化建设方面的重要成果。无论是安全管理的理念 ,或是生产经营活动都在不断创新和发展 ,都是培育和塑造中石化集团公司安全文化的具体体现。     

平整液废水生化处理试验研究

平整液废水是冷轧废水处理的难点,试验选取了3个平整合油废水排放点进行水样可生化性分析。结果表明：1#热镀锌平整合油地坑废水可生化性较差,B／C=0．11。采用MBR生化反应模拟装置以1#热镀锌平整合油地坑废水为进水进行平整液废水生化处理试验,考虑此类废水生化处理可行性。结果表明MBR工艺对此类废水处理效果较好,反应器内污泥经过一段时间的驯化培养后,生物量的水平较高,污泥的凝聚性能较好,菌胶团密实,废水CODcr、BOD5和SS的去除率分别为87．6％、92％和89．8％。     

地埋式生活污水处理技术的应用与研究进展

结合国内学者对地埋式污水处理技术的最新研究成果,系统介绍了地埋式生活污水处理技术的特点、分类以及应用现状,根据工艺、处理效果、投资运行费用等方面对不同类型地埋式生活污水处理技术的适用范围进行了详细地划分,为其进一步应用和推广提供理论依据。     

有害废物运输环境风险研究

有害废物,运输风险是区域环境风险的主要类型之一,是实现“区域环境风险最小比”的重要管理对象。本文在以往有害废物运输风险研究的基础上,提出基元路段的概念,描述了相关特征,并建立了运输风险、运输成本的计算模型及运输路线优化的多目标决策模型。对沈阳市有害废物运输的环境风险进行了分析,并在运输路线优化过程中得到应用。