永定河生态补水下渗对地下水质量的影响

以永定河北京段2019～2020年的生态补水为例,通过室内混合实验和淋滤实验研究河水下渗对地下水质量的影响.结果表明,水化学指标的种类与下渗前相比无变化,水-岩相互作用对指标浓度的改变作用也比较有限,指标的浓度水平总体上介于河水和地下水之间.下渗水对地下水质量的改变作用从根本上取决于河水与地下水的质量差异和河水的补给量...     

Evaluation of PCDD/Fs patterns emitted from incinerator via direct ambient sampling and indirect serum levels assessment of Taiwanese

The aim of this study was to evaluate the PCDD/Fs patterns in ambient air based on data information emitted from incinerator generated from ambient air measurements and those in serum. Four circular zones, namely A, B, C, and D, were identified based on simulated ambient annual average PCDD/Fs concentrations, from a selected municipal waste incinerator. Sixteen ambient samples were taken from the 4 circular zones across 4-seasons. Eighty-nine volunteers were recruited according to the demographic distribution within each zone. PCDD/Fs profiles were documented both for air and serum samples collected. Comparing to the congener patterns from ambient air and serum samples, we found that OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF were the predominant groups among 17 congeners from both the ambient air and serum sample. And, factor analysis showed the distribution patterns of PCDD/Fs from ambient air and serum samples are almost identical across different zones, except for congener patterns of serum samples from residents in zone C. In addition, the average PCDD/Fs level significantly reduced for about 10 folds than those of the other three seasons when the incinerator was shut down in one of sampling periods. We might conclude that ambient air exposure was the most important contributor to PCDD/Fs levels in ambient air but not the single in serum. Therefore, another or more powerful source, such as occupational exposure, dietary intake or the consumption of local food, should be further investigated at the same time.     

生物滴滤器处理间二氯苯废气的性能分析

从土壤中筛选1株能够降解间二氯苯能力的菌株,鉴定为土壤短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus agri),该优势菌最佳生长条件为:降解时间48 h,菌液接种量10%,pH=7,温度25℃。以间二氯苯为模拟有机废气,采用生物滴滤器接种土壤短芽孢杆菌的方法对其进行生物处理。结果表明,在空床停留时间为90 s、进气浓度为1 000 mg·m~(-3)、进气负荷为60 g·(m~3·h)~(-1)条件下,间二氯苯的去除率可以维持在85%以上。生物滴滤器稳定运行后,菌体表面官能团发生改变,通过傅里叶红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析发现,菌株通过逐步加氧羧化后开环降解间二氯苯;对菌株再进行16S rRNA基因序列的同源性分析发现,生物膜中Brevibacillus agri占比达69.39%,并可以良好生长。研究可为间二氯苯的工业化处理提供参考。     

湖南省基本公共服务质量的时空分异与影响因素

基本公共服务质量是地区或城市经济发展水平与社会文明程度的重要表征。通过构建基本公共服务质量指标评价体系,运用变异系数、ESDA和空间杜宾模型研究了2008～2017年湖南省基本公共服务质量的时空分异与空间效应。结果表明:(1)2008～2017年湖南省各市(州)基本公共服务水平呈不同程度的上升趋势,但整体水平不高;空间格局上呈自东向西衰减的半环带结构。(2)基本公共服务在市际上具有显著全局与局部自相关特征,随时间呈集聚-分散-集聚的演变模式;H-H集聚与L-L集聚空间俱乐部趋同特征明显。(3)空间杜宾模型检验表明湖南省基本公共服务空间上存在溢出效应;城镇化水平、对外开放程度、财政支出能力和经济发展活力对基本公共服务具有正向促进作用。     

Study on the co-combustion process and mercury emission characteristics of sewage sludge-coal slime coupled fuel

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - To realize the clean and efficient resource utilization of sewage sludge (SS) and coal slime (CS), single-component and coupled fuels were...     

磷酸镁水泥固化/稳定化重金属性能及作用机理研究进展

磷酸镁水泥(MPC)作为一种新型无机胶凝材料,是由过烧氧化镁和磷酸盐通过酸碱中和反应制备得来,具有早期强度高、结构紧密和体积形变小等优点,在固化/稳定化重金属方面受到广泛关注,但存在放热量大、凝结速度快等缺点.本文归纳了国内外学者对磷酸镁水泥固化/稳定化重金属和重金属污染土的研究,重点讨论重金属离子对磷酸镁水泥抗压强度...     

自然灾害的社会学分析

自然灾害是自然与社会相互作用的产物,它具有自然和社会的双重属性。从社会属性上看,灾害是一个社会性事件,是人的生存能力所不能承受的自然或社会变故,是一种建立在自然现象基础之上的社会历史现象。按社会学的功能主义视角看,自然灾害的出现可以是社会系统内部功能紊乱失衡的结果,也可以是一种外部力量破坏原有社会结构的结果。按社会学的冲突论视角看,灾害是社会各阶层为争夺利益的冲突外延。灾害的结果、过程、成因以及与社会的关系都显现出明显的社会学特征。因此,运用社会学的理论和方法应该是我们认识自然灾害的本质属性,搞好防灾减灾工作的一种重要的科学思想和方法。     

利用激光雷达太阳光度计等多种遥感手段立体监测一次沙尘事件夏俊荣

利用位于北京以及河北香河的两台地基Mie散射激光雷达、星载激光雷达、太阳光度计以及颗粒物监测仪等一系列仪器对发生在2008年5月底的一次沙尘事件进行立体监测并分析.结果表明,这起较严重的沙尘是由蒙古国输送而来,影响范围很广,持续时间较长,有三次明显的峰值,对应三次沙尘的来袭;沙尘的每次来袭都对应有先升温后降温的现象,并伴随有相对湿度的急剧下降;沙尘入侵前北京香河两地以细粒子为主,入侵后代之以粗粒子为主.     

Long-range atmospheric transport of persistent organochlorinated compounds from south and mainland south-eastern Asia to a remote mountain site in south-western China

A range of organochlorinated compounds have been consumed in China, India and the countries of mainland southeast Asia (MSA). Considering their persistence in the environment and ability in long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), the potential outflow of these compounds from this region is therefore of great concern in the context of the global distribution of toxic chemicals. As part of a monitoring campaign aimed at investigating the LRAT of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from southern China, MSA and northern India, atmospheric levels of OCPs and PCBs were measured once a week from October 2005 through December 2006 at Tengchong Mountain (TM), a remote site located in south-western China. The average concentrations of OCPs were found to be higher than those in other remote stations in the Arctic and the Tibetan plateau, except for α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH). A high level of β-HCH and low α-HCH/β-HCH ratio was attributed to an accidental release of β-HCH from unknown sources, besides obvious evidence of lindane (γ-HCH) and technical HCH usage. Temporal variations of chlordanes and endosulfan were related to the usage pattern of these compounds, as well as LRAT. In contrast, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exhibited a relatively minor seasonal variation. The OCP levels at the monitoring site were found to be related to the air parcel back trajectories on the basis of four distinct clusters. Elevated levels of HCHs and DDTs were observed when air parcels originated from northern India where considerable OCP usage was reported recently, while high levels of γ-HCH and TC (trans-chlordane) were mainly associated with air masses from southern China and northern MSA. The study highlighted the high background level of OCPs as well as their temporal patterns of trans-boundary LRAT in the MSA region.     

"哨兵-3"卫星OLCI影像MPH算法反演太湖叶绿素a及藻草区分的研究

利用"哨兵-3"卫星OLCI影像数据,基于其619,665,681,709,753和885 nm中心波长对应的6个波段构建的最大特征峰高度(MPH)算法,采用SNAP 7. 0遥感专业软件,计算了典型日期太湖MPH算法得到的叶绿素a浓度、浮藻区、藻水混悬区、水草区的分布。结果表明:(1) MPH算法能够精确地识别太湖水草和蓝藻;(2) MPH算法能够提取稠密铺集水表层的"浮藻区",并区分出藻密度较小、水华现象轻微～轻度、蓝藻主要浸没在水面以下的"藻水混悬区"。与MODIS、VIIRS等常用的蓝藻水华遥感传感器相比,OLCI展现了更出色、更精细化的水生态遥感监测能力,可提高蓝藻水华预警预报水平。