优化区域环境应急监测能力建设的方法探讨

介绍了识别环境应急监测对象的技术方法，并从构建区域环境应急监测能力保障体系的角度出发。运用安全系统工程理论，探讨如何使有限的环境应急监测能力建设投资发挥最佳的效能。     

巷道断面形状对围岩散热规律的影响研究

为了研究巷道断面形状特征对围岩散热特性的影响,结合矿井通风的实际情况,建立贴体坐标系下二维径向围岩非稳态导热的微分方程.利用坐标变换方法将实际物理平面内的控制方程转换到规则的计算平面内进行求解.以水力半径为1.2 m的不同断面形状的巷道为研究对象,利用自主编制的基于有限体积法(FVM)的C++求解程序,对其内部温度场变化情况开展数值模拟研究.结果表明,矿井通风初期的前5年内,围岩温度场的分布特点受巷道断面形状的影响较为显著.围岩散热呈现各向异性特点,且通风时间越长各向异性的特点越显著.通过数据分析拟合发现,巷道围岩的调热圈半径随通风时间呈指数变化,且经历相同通风时间后,调热圈半径随形状因子增大呈线性增加趋势.巷道壁面平均温度和散热热流密度随形状因子增大而降低,但二者随时间变化的轨迹不同.     

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) from the upper Mekong River

The purposes of this research are to quantify the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in the water and fish tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the upper Mekong River and to thereby elucidate the potential dietary health risks from fish consumption of local residents. Surface water and fish tissues (gill, muscle, liver, and intestine) from four representative sample areas (influence by a cascade of four dams) along the river were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Results revealed that the levels of heavy metals in fish were tissue-dependent. The highest Cu and As levels were found in the liver; the highest Zn and Pb levels occurred in the intestine, and the highest Hg level was found in the muscle. The total target hazard quotient (THQ) value for residents is > 1 for long-term fish consumption, and local residents are, therefore, exposed to a significant health risk. Results from the current study provide an overall understanding of the spatial and tissue distribution of heavy metals in water and fish body along the upper Mekong River under the influence of cascade dams and highlight the potential health risk of As for the local residents of long-term fish consumption.

     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的智慧档案馆安全评估

为了评估智慧档案馆的安全状况,预防安全事故发生,通过分析智慧档案馆的安全因素,构建了由8个一级指标、38个二级指标构成的智慧档案馆安全评估指标体系,并将信息熵理论和物元可拓理论有机结合,构建了智慧档案馆安全熵权物元多级可拓评估理论模型。应用该指标体系和理论模型对某档案馆进行了实证研究,得出其安全等级为V级(安全),为该馆针对性地提出了加强安全工作的整改建议。评估结果与实际情况一致,验证了该评估指标体系和评估理论模型的正确性和可靠性。     

Environmental risk,toxicity, and biodegradation of polyethylene: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polyethylene is the second-most-commonly-used commercial polymer. It is used in various industries, including agricultural mulches, composite...     

Study on the relationship between the incidence of influenza and climate indicators and the prediction of influenza incidence

In recent 2 years, the incidence of influenza showed a slight upward trend in Guangxi; therefore, some joint actions should be done to help preventing and controlling this disease. The factors analysis of affecting influenza and early prediction of influenza incidence may help policy-making so as to take effective measures to prevent and control influenza. In this study, we used the cross correlation function (CCF) to analyze the effect of climate indicators on influenza incidence, ARIMA and ARIMAX (autoregressive integrated moving average model with exogenous input variables) model methods to do predictive analysis of influenza incidence. The results of CCF analysis showed that climate indicators (PM2.5, PM10, SO₂, CO, NO2, O₃, average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average relative humidity, and sunshine duration) had significant effects on the incidence of influenza. People need to take good precautions in the days of severe air pollution and keep warm in cold weather to prevent influenza. We found that the ARIMAX (1,0,1)(0,0,1)₁₂ with NO₂ model has good predictive performance, which can be used to predict the influenza incidence in Guangxi, and the predicted incidence may be useful in developing early warning systems and providing important evidence for influenza control policy-making and public health intervention.

     

The dynamics and drivers of environmental performance in Chinese cities: a decomposition analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper examines urban environmental performance using a unique database of 286 Chinese cities for the period 2002–2014. Both the dynamics of...     

环境治理效率与制造业产值的计量经济分析

随着环境管理日益引起国内外的高度关注,环境治理效率已经成为全球性的政策性问题。本文基于2001-2010年我国制造业行业有关环境治理的数据,通过运用计量经济模型,分别从制造业总体层面和制造业细分行业层面探讨了制造业产值和环境治理效率之间的关系。研究结果表明,制造业总体产值和环境治理效率之间呈现倒N型曲线关系,即环境治理效率随着制造业产出水平的提高呈现出先减小再增大再减小的趋势;对于细分行业而言,有23个行业的产值和环境治理效率之间呈现倒N型曲线关系,有7个行业呈现N型曲线关系。其次,研究结果表明,企业环保意识与环境治理效率呈现正相关关系,而制造业科技创新投入、科技创新产出与环境治理效率呈现负相关关系;政府干预程度对环境治理效率的作用不显著。研究结果揭示,制造业产值和环境治理效率之间的关系有一系列阶段性的变化,企业需要根据制造业产值水平的不同层次做出政策性调整,并通过提高环保意识来提升制造业行业的环境治理效率;并且,研究结果显示,对于不同的制造业行业来说,制造业产值和环境治理效率之间的关系特征不同,因此,推行环境治理效率相关措施之前需要积极地探索行业的发展特征。基于上述实证研究结果,政府层面要积极引导绿色消费观,完善环境关税和环境税法等相关制度体系,激励企业进行环境创新,协调经济发展与环境之间的关系;制造业企业需要把握产值与环境治理效率的阶段性变化特征,提升技术创新能力,促进环境治理效率的提升,实现绿色发展。综上,本研究结果为政府制定环保政策以及企业提高其环境治理效率提供了政策参考和依据。     

微塑料对双齿围沙蚕生理代谢的影响研究

为探讨微塑料对双齿围沙蚕生理代谢的影响,本文研究了聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)3种微塑料在不同浓度(0.1％、1％和5％)和暴露时间下对双齿围沙蚕体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)活性以及代谢指标排氨率和呼吸速率的影响.结果表明,随微塑料浓度的升高,双齿围沙蚕体内CAT活性显著提升,5％浓度下双齿围沙蚕体内CAT活性最高;PVC对双齿围沙蚕体内AchE活性表现为低浓度(0.1％)抑制、高浓度(5％)促进的作用;PP和PA在不同浓度下对双齿围沙蚕体内AchE酶活性均表现为促进作用;随着微塑料浓度的升高,双齿围沙蚕的排氨率和呼吸速率显著升高(P<0.05).综上,微塑料在高浓度条件下,在一定时间内可以对双齿围沙蚕产生氧化胁迫作用,并一定程度上影响其排氨率和呼吸速率.