碎砖骨料再生混凝土配合比研究

用正交法试验分析了碎砖骨料混凝土的配合比,提出水灰比和碎砖骨料掺量分别是影响混凝土强度和流动性的主要因素.倡导用碎砖做混凝土骨料,保护生态环境.     

昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药的抗性研究进展

拟除虫菊酯是继有机氯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯之后具有生物活性优异、环境相容性较好的一大类杀虫剂,在防治卫生害虫和农作物害虫中占有重要地位。然而随着拟除虫菊酯农药的广泛使用,害虫普遍对其产生了不同程度的抗药性。文章就此综述了昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药的抗药性现状、抗药性产生的原因及机制,以及昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药与其他农药的交互抗性、昆虫的抗药性遗传和对昆虫抗药性进行监测的现行方法等国内外的研究进展。并对如何科学合理的使用拟除虫菊酯农药,及如何减缓昆虫对其产生抗性的措施进行了扼要的阐述,最后探讨了受农药影响所导致的昆虫基因多样性及生物多样性受损等问题。     

廊坊市COD、SO2排放总量分析及其控制对策

通过对廊坊市2008年环境统计数据中主要污染物COD、SO2排放规律的科学分析,提出改善环境的对策与建议。     

廊坊市污水处理厂COD在线监测系统的应用研究

随着我国经济建设的飞速发展和人们环保意识的增强,在线监测技术开始应用于污水处理厂的水质监测。本文以廊坊市污水处理厂COD水质在线监监测仪为例说明COD水质在线监测仪在控制污水处理厂出水水质上的意义。     

Effect of sub-acute exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in Juvenile Carp （Cyprinus carpio）

Increasing application of nanotechnology highlights the need to clarify and understand nanotoxicity. Mammalian and in vitro studies have raised concerns about the toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs), but there are limited data on ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. In this work, the sub-acute toxicity of TiO₂-NPs to carp (Cyprinus carpio) was assessed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in liver, gill and brain tissues of carps varied with concentration of TiO₂-NPs suspensions and exposure time (up to 8 d). As a result, 100 and 200 mg/L TiO₂-NPs caused statistically significant decrease in SOD, CAT and POD activities and significant increase in LPO levels in tissues (P < 0.05), suggesting that the fish exposed to these two concentrations of TiO₂-NPs suffered from the oxidative stress. The extent of depletion of antioxidant enzymes activities and the elevation of LPO in the liver was the greatest, indicating that the liver might be the most susceptible organ to TiO₂-NPs exposure. In addition, carps had gill pathologies including edema and thickening of gill lamellae as well as gill filaments, and liver pathologies including necrotic and apoptosis hepatocytes after exposed to 100 and 200 mg/L TiO₂-NPs for 20 d. These results indicated a potential risk from TiO₂-NPs released into the aqueous environment.     

南方高位池养殖生态环境影响及对策

文章综合理论分析和现场调查结果,分别从污染排放情况、对近岸海域水质、水生生物、地下水、土壤、景观和海防林的影响等几方面阐述高位池养殖对生态环境的影响,结合产业特点,提出了高位池养殖科学发展和环境保护的合理对策。     

回流比对A/O工艺处理混合化工废水的影响

考核了生产运行中回流比对A/O工艺处理化工混合废水的除碳和脱氮效果的影响;推导了含二沉池出水SS和进水中含NOX-N的脱氮效率的污泥回流比计算公式;分析了影响脱氮效率的决定因素,为生产运行和管理提供了科学依据。     

成都经济区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其分布特点

应用GC/MS分析成都经济区土壤剖面中多环芳烃含量及分布特点,得出成都经济区不同高度土壤中多环芳烃的检出率和分布规律.结果表明:多环芳烃含量范围为0～58.09 ng/g;剖面I中多环芳烃含量随高程增加而减少,多数物质最高值出现在海拔433 m处;剖面Ⅱ中多环芳烃含量随高程增加而增加.     

Agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution control function of different vegetation types in riparian wetlands： A case study in the Yellow River wetland in China

Riparian wetland is the major transition zone of matter, energy and information transfer between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and has important functions of water purification and non-point pollution control. Using the field experiment method and an isotope tracing technique, the agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution control function of di erent vegetation types in riparian wetland was studied in the Kouma Section of the Yellow River. The results showed that the retention of agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution by riparian wetland soil occurs mainly in top 0–10 cm layer. The amount of nitrogen retained by surface soils associated with three types of vegetation are 0.045 mg/g for Phragmites communis Trin Linn, 0.036 mg/g for Scirpus triqueter Linn, and 0.032 mg/g for Typha angustifolia Linn, which account for 59.21%, 56.25%, and 56.14% of the total nitrogen interception, respectively. Exogenous nitrogen in 0–10 cm soil layer changes more quickly than in other layers. One month after adding K15NO3 to the tested vegetation, nitrogen content was 77.78% for P. communis Trin, 68.75% for T. angustifolia, and 8.33% for S. triqueter in the surface soil. After three months, nitrogen content was 93.33% for P. communis Trin, 72.22% for S. triqueter, and 37.50% for T. Angustifolia. There are large di erences among vegetation communities respecting to purification of agricultural non-point nitrogen pollution. The nitrogen uptake amount decreases in the sequence: new shoots of P. communis Trin (9.731 mg/g) > old P. communis Trin (4.939 mg/g) > S. triqueter (0.620 mg/g) > T. angustifolia (0.186 mg/g). Observations indicated that the presence of riparian wetlands as bu ers on and adjacent to stream banks could be recommended to control agricultural non-point pollution.     

AHLs信号分子对小球藻生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响

以小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为试验材料,研究AHLs信号分子(N-hexanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone,C6-HSL)对小球藻生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明:C6-HSL对小球藻生长的影响表现为低浓度促进而高浓度抑制的效应。低浓度C6-HSL(50、100及200 nmol/L)8 h时即可显著提高小球藻的相对生长率(P<0.05),高浓度C6-HSL(≥400 nmol/L)24 h时均可显著降低小球藻的相对生长率(P<0.05),且表现出较强的浓度依赖性抑制作用。50 nmol/L C6-HSL即可在4 h时激活藻细胞防御性反应,显著提高SOD、POD、CAT及GPX的活性(P<0.05),同时显著降低MDA的含量(P<0.05);与低浓度组相比,400 nmol/L C6-HSL作用下,藻细胞抗氧化酶活性均经历先升高后降低的过程,24 h内藻细MDA含量显著升高(P<0.05)。