1株铜绿假单胞菌对芘的降解特性及代谢途径

多环芳烃（PAHs）因其具有"三致"作用对生态系统产生潜在威胁.微生物降解是多环芳烃降解的主要途径之一,筛选出能高效降解多环芳烃的菌株是微生物修复技术的关键.本文采用富集培养的方法从多环芳烃污染的污泥中分离到1株以芘为唯一碳源的菌株LX2,经形态观察、生理生化和16S rDNA鉴定,LX2属于铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.LX2）.菌株在含芘浓度为50 mg·L^-1的无机盐液体培养基中培养21 d对芘的降解效率达32.1%.经GC-MS分析发现,Pseudomonas sp.LX2降解芘的中间代谢产物主要有4,5-二氢芘、2''-羟基苯丙酮、苯酚、原儿茶酚.基于鉴定的代谢产物得出芘通过"萘"和"邻苯二甲酸"两种不同的途径被铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.LX2）降解.     

广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估构架研究

生活垃圾焚烧设施的建立是解决城市生活垃圾逐年增多的有效方式之一,但其所引发的环境与健康问题成为公众关注的热点。基于广东省对生活垃圾焚烧设施的研究,以环境管理为目标,结合国内外在该领域的研究现状,提出广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估构架。通过该构架的多年实践,总结了广东省生活垃圾焚烧设施环境与健康风险评估研究所取得的成效,有望将该成果推而广之,从而使该行业实现绿色生态的蓬勃发展。     

微囊藻毒素RR的制备及鉴定

以野外收集的水华蓝藻为原料,建立了以75%甲醇溶液提取、快速色谱和半制备色谱分离为主要步骤的微囊藻毒素分离纯化方法,并用HPLC、分光光度计和电喷雾质谱对所得毒素的纯度和结构进行了鉴定.结果表明,所得毒素为MCRR,纯度大于95%,其紫外吸收光谱在239nm处有特征吸收,分子组成为环(Ala-Arg-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha),分子量为1037.     

高效氯氰菊酯对原生动物群落的毒性研究

以原生动物群落为靶生物,对高效氯氰菊酯的毒性进行了试验研究.结果表明,48h急性毒性的半数致死浓度为2.04mg/L.在试验浓度范围内,食菌和碎屑者鞭毛虫类具有较高的耐受性,随着高效氯氰菊酯浓度的增加,其在群落中的优势度更加明显.     

Growth responses of Picea mongolica seedlings to defoliation rate

Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM I (natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H1 (height in June 23 ) and H2 (height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ (artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H1 was significant, the difference of H2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM I, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H1, H2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain de clree.     

Degradation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by ozone-ceramic honeycomb

IntroductionAs a promising advanced oxidation technology for watertreatment ,catalytic ozonation has received great attentionforthe efficient degradation of organic compoundsinrecent years(Legube , 1999) . Some studies showed that homogeneousand heterogen…     

Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments of the Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River in Tianjin, China

Persistent organochlorine compounds were analyzed by means of GC-ECD in surface sediment samples from two selected rivers in Tianjin, Haihe River and Dagu Drainage River. A total of 16 surface sediment sites were selected along the both rivers. The frequency of detection of T-HCH and T-DDT in sediment samples both was up to 100%, which illustrated that the contamination of HCH and DDT was widespread in Haihe and Dagu Drainage Rivers. Results indicated that the concentrations of various pesticides in sediments from Haihe River were in the range of 3.30-75.96 ng/g dw for T-HCH and 1.57-211.57 ng/g dw for T-DDT. Compared with Haihe River, Dagu Drainage River was contaminated by HCHs and DDTs along the all locations and the values of T-HCH and T-DDT residues in sediments ranged from 2.30 to 124.61 ng/g dw and from 11.28 to 237.30 ng/g dw, respectively, The possible pollution sources were analyzed through monitoring results of organochlorine pesticides（OCPs） residues in sediments from the two rivers. The investigation also indicated that HCH was still used as pesticide in Tianjin partial area.     

Application of Bayesian regularized BP neural network model for analysis of aquatic ecological data-A case study of chlorophyll-a prediction in Nanzui water area of Dongting Lake

Bayesian regularized BP neural network（BRBPNN） technique was applied in the chlorophyll-α prediction of Nanzui water area in Dongting Lake. Through BP network interpolation method, the input and output samples of the network were obtained. After the selection of input variables using stepwise/multiple linear regression method in SPSS i1.0 software, the BRBPNN model was established between chlorophyll-α and environmental parameters, biological parameters. The achieved optimal network structure was 3-11-1 with the correlation coefficients and the mean square errors for the training set and the test set as 0.999 and 0.000？8426, 0.981 and 0.0216 respectively. The sum of square weights between each input neuron and the hidden layer of optimal BRBPNN models of different structures indicated that the effect of individual input parameter on chlorophyll- α declined in the order of alga amount 〉 secchi disc depth（SD） 〉 electrical conductivity （EC）. Additionally, it also demonstrated that the contributions of these three factors were the maximal for the change of chlorophyll-α concentration, total phosphorus（TP） and total nitrogen（TN） were the minimal. All the results showed that BRBPNN model was capable of automated regularization parameter selection and thus it may ensure the excellent generation ability and robustness. Thus, this study laid the foundation for the application of BRBPNN model in the analysis of aquatic ecological data（chlorophyll-α prediction） and the explanation about the effective eutrophication treatment measures for Nanzui water area in Dongting Lake.     

去除城市生活污泥中有机络合态金属强化其厌氧生物制气

为提高城市生活污泥厌氧消化沼气产率,本文考察了通过金属络合剂EDTA预处理污泥,以去除城市生活污泥中有机络合态金属,强化其厌氧生物制气的效果.结果表明,经EDTA预处理去除金属后的污泥(实验组)较未预处理的污泥(对照组)的有机络合态金属含量减少[(5.09±0.57)%~(1.37±0.20)%,以TS计],溶解性有机质显著提高(SCOD提升627%),暗示该预处理方法能够极大地去除有机络合态金属并强化污泥有机质的溶出.通过测定污泥有机质溶出表观活化能发现,实验组污泥有机质溶出表观活化能比对照组降低36%,表明预处理能够有效降低有机质溶出反应的能量壁垒.污泥厌氧发酵研究发现,在16d的污泥厌氧产酸实验中,实验组VFAs浓度高于对照组,较对照组最大提升42%;在22 d的污泥厌氧产甲烷测试实验(BMP)中,实验组单位有机质累积甲烷产量比对照组增加48%,表明EDTA预处理对提高污泥厌氧消化产沼气具有重要的作用.通过进一步产沼气动力学研究发现,实验组的产沼气限速步骤在产甲烷阶段,而对照组限制于水解阶段,表明经EDTA预处理能有效地破除城市生活污泥厌氧消化过程的水解限速.     

广州近地面臭氧浓度特征及气象影响分析

利用2015年广州市近地面逐时臭氧(O_3)观测资料及气象数据,分析了广州地区近地面的O_3浓度时空分布特征及其与气象因子的关系.结果表明:广州地区城郊的O_3浓度高于中心城区;广州地区近地面的O_3浓度超标时间主要出现在4—9月,8月O_3浓度最高,3月O_3浓度最低;O_3浓度日变化呈现"单峰型"分布,早上7:00—8:00出现最低值,15:00达到峰值;O_3浓度与气温呈正相关,当气温高于30℃时,O_3浓度随温度升高增加明显;与相对湿度呈负相关,当相对湿度大于60%时,O_3浓度显著降低;当气压小于1010 hpa时,与气压呈负相关,当气压大于1010 hpa时,与气压呈正相关;当风力为2~3级吹西北偏西至西南偏西风区间时,O_3浓度最高,说明广州偏西部可能存在O_3污染源区;O_3浓度在晴天最高,其次是少云和多云天气,最低是在雨天.总体而言,气温高、日照长、辐射强、气压低、湿度小及2~3级的风力是广州地区近地面产生高浓度O_3的主要气象因素.当广州O_3浓度出现超标时,气温变化范围为25.9~37.4℃,相对湿度变化范围为29%~83%,气压变化范围为989.4~1009.1 h Pa,风速变化范围为0.7~5.8 m·s~(-1),紫外辐射强度日最大1 h均值最小为32.6 W·m~(-2),10:00—14:00均值最小为27.3 W·m~(-2).