集成内循环烟气流化床脱硫塔内流动特性

针对脱硫塔内烟气的偏流问题,提出了直导流板加旋流结构的措施,应用CFD软件包FLUENT平台对导流板的尺寸、位置、数量进行了优化,得到了烟气入口调节的优化方案。通过工业流场试验对数值计算结果进行了验证,结果表明:采用烟气调节措施后,流场均匀性得到明显的提高。计算和工业试验数据一致,表明采用合适的计算模型,数值计算能取得良好的模拟结果。     

轿车盘式制动器刹车时产生噪音数值模拟

利用有限元分析方法,针对某型轿车盘式制动器进行刹车产生噪声的数值仿真。通过改变一系列参数,例如摩擦系数,刹车前速度以及制动盘的几何形状等,考察其对刹车噪声的影响。然后通过模拟结果与实验结果比较,证实了文章所提出的仿真计算模型的有效性。最后提出了制动器设计的改进建议。     

推动环境工程在型号中应用探讨

阐述了当前在型号中开展环境工程工作的紧迫性,并从认识角度、工作机制、数据应用、关键技术和标准支撑等方面提出了进一步推动环境工程在型号中应用的构想.     

某事故煤气管道弯头断裂原因分析

结合实际事故及发生环境,采用模拟试验及计算推断出煤气管道弯头断裂的原因,结果表明,后建阳台、组装应力和汽车荷载不是均导致弯头断裂的主要因素,弯头断裂是拉应力所致,属于外界腐蚀环境和管道内压共同作用的应力腐蚀断裂破坏.因此,煤气管道在施工过程中应密切关注土层环境对管道的腐蚀作用,作好防腐处理.     

喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台设计与验证*

为研究油气并行管道中,天然气管道喷射火对相邻输油管道内流体与管壁的热影响,设计并搭建天然气喷射火对输油管道热影响实验平台。实验平台由环道及冷却系统、火焰系统、控制及数据采集系统3个部分组成。完成平台搭建并验证环道系统气密性后,以0#柴油为介质,开展验证实验。研究结果表明:火焰系统工作可靠且可控,冷却系统能够将柴油温度控制在初馏点以下,数据采集系统能够正常采集油品压力、温度、流量、管壁温度、火焰温度等预定数据,实验平台具备一定可行性与安全性。实验平台可进行在不同管道规格及材质、火灾形式、油品介质及流速条件下的热影响实验。实验平台结合材料性能进行测试,可研究喷射火对管材性能的影响,为油气并行管道的安全运行提供相关实验依据。     

不同聚合度的聚磷酸铵灭火性能研究*

为考察聚磷酸铵（APP）干粉灭火剂的聚合度对其灭火性能的影响,选用3种不同聚合度的APP,结合其晶体结构、粒度分布及热性能测试,并通过粉体杯式燃烧器进行小尺寸灭火实验,对比3种样品的灭火性能及灭火机理,研究聚合度与其灭火性能的关系。热性能测试结果显示,聚合度的升高会导致APP的热稳定性下降,随着聚合度从80升至1 500,其初始分解温度从326.11 ℃降低至321.54 ℃,失重率从75.21%增加至79.66%。实验结果表明:随着APP聚合度的增加,火焰降温速率升高,最小灭火浓度（MEC）降低,灭火性能增强,当聚合度为1 500时,MEC为118.143 g/m3。聚合度的升高有助于APP在进入火场后更早、更充分地与火焰发生反应,从而使灭火性能得到提升。     

Modelling the abundance of three key plant species in New Zealand hill-pasture using a decision tree approach

Decision tree models were developed to investigate and predict the relative abundance of three key pasture plants [ryegrass (Lolium perenne), browntop (Agrostis capillaris), and white clover (Trifolium repens)] with integration of a geographical information system (GIS) in a naturalised hill-pasture in the North Island, New Zealand, and were compared with regression models with respect to model fit and predictive accuracy. The results indicated that the decision tree models had a better model fit in terms of average squared error (ASE) and a higher percentage of adequately predicted cases in model validation than the corresponding regression models. These decision tree models clearly revealed the relative importance of environmental and management variables in influencing the abundance of these three species. Hill slope was the most significant environmental factor influencing the abundance of ryegrass while soil Olsen P and annual P fertilizer input were the most significant factors influencing the abundance of browntop, and white clover, respectively. Soil Olsen P of approximately 10 μg/g, or a slope of about 10.5° was critical points where the competition between ryegrass and browntop tended to come to an equilibrium. Integrating the decision tree models with a GIS in this study not only facilitated the model development and analyses, but also provided a useful decision support tool in pasture management such as in assisting precision fertilizer placement. The insights obtained from the decision tree models also have important implications for pasture management, for example, it is important to maintain a soil Olsen P higher than 10 μg/g in order to keep the dominance of ryegrass in the hill-pasture.     

Effect of biocides on the precipitation of calcium fluoride in the presence of anionic copolymeric inhibitors

The inhibitory efficiency of anionic copolymers and the effect of the biocides sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, and tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane on the precipitation behavior of calcium fluoride (CaF₂) were studied. The efficiency of polymeric inhibitors was traced from conductivity measurements by using half-life (t_1/2) method. X-ray diffraction parameters have been measured for calcium fluoride scale minerals. An anionic copolymer (K-798) acts as one of the best inhibitors for the precipitation process of the calcium fluoride in water as compared to K-775. It is assigned to the fact that the copolymer (K-798) contains both sulfonic acid and sulfonated styrene groups while the polymer (K-775) having only the sulfonic acid group. It was further observed that the biocides have no appreciable effect on the performance of the anionic polymeric inhibitors.     

生物炭墙对紫色土坡耕地中氟苯尼考迁移影响

采用实验室批量平衡实验,研究紫色土坡耕地土壤中氟苯尼考吸附-解吸特征及生物炭施用的影响,此外,开展野外坡底生物炭（重量占比5%）可渗透反应墙的构建试验,观测自然降雨条件下该反应墙对坡耕地小区中氟苯尼考随地表径流与下渗水迁移的影响.结果表明,氟苯尼考在紫色土中的等温吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,在低浓度范围内（<2mg/L）,生物炭的施用一方面提高了其在紫色土中的吸附量,吸附过程可能以内扩散为主,另一方面,显著降低其解吸量;紫色土坡耕地中的淋溶作用是氟苯尼考的主要迁移方式;坡底生物炭（5%）渗透墙的构建有效地减控了其在紫色土中的淋溶迁移以及深层侧向迁移.     

保定市PM2.5和臭氧污染特征分析

为深入了解保定市空气质量状况,揭示PM_2.5与臭氧(O₃)的变化特征及相互关系,利用小波分析法对保定市2013—2020年每年4—9月AQI、PM_2.5、O₃-8 h (O₃日最大8 h滑动平均值)和NO₂浓度的逐日数据进行分析. 结果表明:①2013—2018年保定市O₃污染呈逐年加重趋势,最大日浓度达到347 μg/m3;随着治理措施的颁布与实施,PM_2.5超标天数由2013年的97 d减至2020年的1 d,PM_2.5超标情况逐年改善. ②O₃超标天数由2013年的3 d增至2018年的95 d,2020年减至61 d;O₃超标天数占PM_2.5和O₃超标总天数的比例从2013年的3%增至2020年的98%,说明O₃逐渐成为影响保定市空气质量的主要污染物. ③2013年保定市O₃-8 h浓度低于“2+26”城市均值,2014—2020年O₃-8 h浓度高于或接近“2+26”城市均值,说明近年来保定市O₃-8 h浓度的升幅已超过“2+26”城市的平均水平. ④小波分析发现,2013—2020年(除2015年和2018年外)AQI与PM_2.5污染序列的第1主周期相近,从2017年开始,AQI与O₃-8 h污染序列的第1主周期和第2主周期均一致,说明近年来保定市空气污染逐渐由PM_2.5污染转为PM_2.5与O₃复合污染. ⑤在同一时间尺度范围内,PM_2.5与O₃-8 h污染序列的震荡频率基本一致,说明二者存在较明显的正相关关系;2015—2019年,NO₂与O₃-8 h污染序列的震荡频率趋于一致,说明保定市O₃-8 h浓度受前体物NO₂影响较大,2020年震荡频率有较大差异,这可能与新冠肺炎疫情复工后生产规模尚未完全恢复,致使NO₂、PM_2.5等污染物排放强度同比降低有关. 因此,减少NO₂排放,协同控制多污染物是实现保定市空气质量改善的主要途径.