基坑开挖与邻近地铁结构变形相关性的实测分析∗

探究开挖卸载下基坑与近邻"上浮型"地铁结构的变形机制,以天津某邻近既有地铁的基坑开挖为例,通过实测手段分析基坑多期开挖条件下既有地铁结构的变形特点。基于基坑围护结构竖向变形,考虑基坑与地铁的水平相对位置L和开挖时间t,定义表示基坑围护结构竖向变形与地铁结构竖向变形相互关系的关联系数R,并对邻近地铁结构的竖向变形进行拟合与预测。探究三维空间下基坑与地铁水平变形的关系。研究结果表明:地铁结构整体表现为上浮,开挖期间累计竖向位移与累计水平位移的比值在0.5～1.5变化;基坑围护结构竖向位移乘以系数1000R/L可很好地拟合邻近地铁的竖向位移,关联系数R在基坑开挖过程中变化不大;三维空间下地铁结构纵向水平变形呈正态分布,与近地铁侧基坑围护结构同深度处的水平变形趋势一致。     

Mapping the knowledge domain of the evolution of emergy theory: a bibliometric approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bibliometric and visualization tools are effective for uncovering information contained in vast amounts of literature data. We retrieved publications...     

试论我国农业环境标准体系建设

探讨了我国农业环境标准的范畴和分类，介绍了我国现行的农业环境标准，并对加强农业环境标准体系建设提出了建议。     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of water quality and sediment-associated processes with application to a Mississippi Delta lake

A three-dimensional water quality model was developed for simulating temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen in freshwater bodies. Effects of suspended and bed sediment on the water quality processes were simulated. A formula was generated from field measurements to calculate the light attenuation coefficient by considering the effects of suspended sediment and chlorophyll. The processes of adsorption–desorption of nutrients by sediment were described using the Langmuir Equation. The release rates of nutrients from the bed were calculated based on the concentration gradient across the water–sediment interface and other variables including pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration.The model was calibrated and validated by applying it to simulate the concentrations of chlorophyll and nutrients in a natural oxbow lake in Mississippi Delta. The simulated time series of phytoplankton (as chlorophyll) and nutrient concentrations were generally in agreement with field observations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to demonstrate the impacts of varying suspended sediment concentration on lake chlorophyll levels.     

制冷剂二氟甲烷热解生成氟化氢的实验研究

空调制冷剂二氟甲烷(R32)是R22的替代制冷剂之一,其分子中含有氟元素,受热可产生剧毒物质氟化氢(HF),一旦泄漏分解,将会对人员造成极大危害.首次通过实验研究了R32泄漏后的受热分解情况,利用激光气体分析仪,测量了不同工况下HF的实时浓度,分析了R32受热分解的影响因素.结果表明R32泄漏后,在受热状态下很容易产生HF,HF浓度随着泄漏量和受热状态的变化而异,浓度可达1000ppm以上；研究结果可为含氟制冷剂的应用提供技术支持.     

朱集矿13-1煤瓦斯参数规律研究

为了采取合理的瓦斯抽采技术,实现矿井安全高效开采,对朱集矿13-1煤瓦斯基本参数进行了现场和实验室测定,得出了瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力、放散初速度,透气性系数、坚固性系数等参数,并对测定结果进行了理论分析,得出了这些参数的基本规律.结果表明:随着开采深度的增加,在一定深度范围内,其瓦斯压力、瓦斯含量呈线性增长,瓦斯压力与瓦斯含量都比较大；煤层钻孔瓦斯衰减系数较大,该煤层的透气性系数较小,D、K值小于其临界值,可判断出该煤层为难抽煤层且有突出危险性.     

不同磷肥对水稻铅积累的影响及其机理

采用盆栽实验,研究外源添加过磷酸钙(SSP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)对于铅胁迫下水稻的生长、铅吸收和铅分布的影响.结果表明:在铅胁迫下,水稻根、茎叶、籽粒的生物量随着两种磷肥浓度的增大而增大,以施加DAP的水稻茎和叶生物量增幅最大,分别增加13.77%和44.17%.水稻体内铅大部分分布在细胞壁中,并随铅浓度的增加,两种磷肥提高了细胞壁对铅的固定能力,有效抑制了水稻对Pb的吸收,Pb在水稻体内的分布表现为根茎叶籽粒,其中SSP的效果大于DAP,施加SSP有效地降低了水稻籽粒Pb的含量.     

水体冻结过程中荧光物质的迁移转化研究

本研究利用荧光区域积分法考察了在水体冻结过程中,溶解性有机物(DOM)组分中荧光物质的迁移转化.同时,利用XAD树脂,将DOM分为3个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明,在水体冻结过程中,HPO-A、TPI-A和HPI的DOC浓度在水相中逐渐增加,而在冰相中先减少后增加,并且这3种DOM组分在冰、水两相间的分配系数排序为:HPITPI-AHPOA.在水体冻结过程中,水相中HPO-A和HPI的总累计荧光强度(ΦT,n)值,以及冰相中3种DOM组分的总ΦT,n值随冻结时间的变化趋势均为先降低后升高.在水体冻结过程中,水相中3种DOM组分的类腐殖酸荧光峰发生蓝移.冻融作用导致HPO-A和HPI的荧光性降低.与HPO-A和HPI相比,TPI-A的荧光性受冻融作用的影响相对较小.此外,在4类荧光物质中,冻融作用对DOM组分中的类富里酸荧光物质和类腐殖酸荧光物质的影响较显著.