单跑楼梯井内火灾过程的数值模拟

针对单跑楼梯井内的火灾过程,采用大涡模拟方法,通过改变单跑楼梯井顶层门的面积,探讨了门面积的改变对楼梯井内火灾过程中空气卷吸量、排烟量、楼梯井内平均氧气浓度以及楼梯井内外压差的影响,分析了火灾烟气流动的动力学特征。研究结果表明,随着单跑楼梯井门开口面积的增加,空气卷吸量和排烟量均增加,井内平均氧气浓度增加而井内外压差逐渐降低。计算结果显示,在火灾场景中,当单跑楼梯井顶层门面积较小时,以上物理量对门高度的变化更为敏感。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中氯化苄和甲苯

用串联的乙醇吸收管收集环境空气中的氯化苄和甲苯,以毛细管柱分离,氢火焰检测器测定,保留时间定性,峰高定量。氯化苄平均浓度在４．２９ｍｇ／Ｌ～２１．４ｍｇ／Ｌ时,相对标准偏差在３．３％～４．６％之间;甲苯平均浓度为４．１８ｍｇ／Ｌ～２０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ时,相对标准差在４．４％～７．８％范围内。方法快速、灵敏度高,有较好的精密度与准确度。     

Distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China

The aim of the study was to investigate influence of an industrialized environment on the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils. Seventy soil samples collected from surface layers (0-20 cm) and horizons of five selected pedons in the vicinity area of petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations, the horizontal and vertical variation of these metals were studied and geographic information system (GIS)-based mapping techniques were applied to generate spatial distribution maps. The mean concentrations of these heavy metals in the topsoils did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations in agricultural soil of China with the exception of Hg. Significant differences between land-use types showed that Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations in topsoils were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and soil management. Within a radius of 1,300 m there were no marked decreasing trends for these element concentrations (except for Zn) with the increase of distance from the complex boundary, which reflected little influence of petroleum air emission on soil heavy metal accumulation. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the five pedons, particularly in cultivated vegetable field and orchard, decreased with soil depth, indicating these elements mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. GIS mapping was a useful tool for evaluating spatial variability of heavy metals in the affected soil. The spatial distribution maps allowed the identification of hot-spot areas with high metal concentration. Effective measures should be taken to avoid or minimize heavy metal further contamination of soils and to remediate the contaminated areas in order to prevent pollutants affecting human health through agricultural products.     

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

硫化矿石堆自燃的灰色预测研究

采用灰色预测模型GM(1,1)对硫化矿石堆的自燃进行预测.根据相同间隔时间的矿石温度,通过灰色计算得出下一个或以后几个时间段的温度,将预测的温度与已有试验数据进行比较;参照硫化矿的发火周期,预测几天后矿石堆的自热状态,从而指导工作人员采取相应的防、灭火措施.实例验证表明,GM(1,1)适用于硫化矿的自燃预测.本研究对矿山安全建设工作具有一定的参考价值.     

建筑安全系统管理与控制研究

近年来,我国建筑行业安全形势总体稳定,安全状况趋于好转,但仍然不容乐观.本文对2007年全国建筑施工伤亡事故进行了分析,提出了建筑行业伤亡事故多发的原因与对策.首先,按照系统分层方法,将我国建筑安全系统划分为国家宏观管理层面、建筑企业层面、建筑施工作业现场层面等三个层次;其次,运用系统事故致因分析法,从低层面到高层面,反演分析了建筑系统的各个层次中存在的薄弱环节与危险因素;最后,针对这些薄弱环节与危险因素,提出了加强我国建筑安全系统管理与控制的对策与措施.     

城市人居环境与经济发展协调性分析——以南充市城市建成区为例

城市人居环境与经济协调发展是实现南充市可持续发展的重要途径。文章利用主成分分析法,求出1997—2006年南充市城市建成区人居环境与经济系统的综合发展指标,分析近10年城市人居环境与经济协调程度。     

安徽省产业结构与经济增长关系实证研究

产业结构与经济增长存在内在联系,产业结构的适时调整是经济持续增长的永恒主题。利用计量经济学方法,建立了安徽产业结构与经济增长的格兰杰因果关系模型及产业结构对经济增长的贡献模型,揭示了安徽产业结构演变历程及其与经济增长的相互关系。     

海岛旅游可持续发展评价指标体系研究

根据海岛地区特殊的地理位置和环境特点,在国内海岛旅游关于可持续发展评价研究成果的基础上,构建了海岛旅游可持续发展评价指标体系.该指标体系包括社会、经济、资源、环境和管理方面共5个子系统45项评价因子,运用AHP法(层次分析法),通过两两因子相互比较,计算出系统层和指标层各项因子的权重(重要性),并对评价结果进行初步分析,从而为海岛旅游的可持续发展提供科学合理的参考依据.     

Photocatalytic degradation of lignin using Pt/TiO2 as the catalyst

Photocatalytic degradation of lignin was studied with the use of catalysts TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2). The influence of several experimental parameters, i.e. pH, catalyst dosage and illumination on lignin degradation was investigated. The results showed that application of UV irradiation alone has almost no effect on the reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and American Dye Manufacture Institute value (ADMI). However, the addition of TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) reduced the original DOC (251 mg l(-1)) by more than 40% within 30 min of treatment and the reaction can be simulated with pseudo-first order kinetics. Rapid degradation of lignin was observed in acidic solution using either TiO(2) or Pt/TiO(2) as the catalyst compared to high pH cases. The content of Pt in the Pt/TiO(2) catalyst is 1%. In addition, too much catalyst addition has not increased the DOC and ADMI reduction proportionally. The investigation also indicated that the photocatalytic degradation rates could be enhanced 1-6 times faster after doping TiO(2) with Pt in different pH cases. A modified Nernst type model was adopted to simulate the decoloring process using TiO(2) and Pt/TiO(2) based on the profiles of oxidation reduction potential during the photocatalytic reaction. The developed equation can be used to predict the color removal efficiency of lignin wastewater by the photocatalytic process.