叶面施硅和铈对缓解生菜镉、铅毒害作用的研究

在轻度Cd、Pb复合污染菜地中,向生菜叶面喷施不同质量分数的Si溶胶和Ce溶胶,研究其对生菜的产量、品质、抗氧化酶活性及Cd、Pb吸收的影响.结果表明,叶面施Si、Ce均能促进生菜生长,降低生菜中亚硝酸盐质量比.质量分数高的Si溶胶(0.1％、0.2％)可显著提高维生素C、可溶性糖质量比,质量分数较高的Ce溶胶(0.01％～0.03％)可显著提高维生素C质量比,质量分数较低的Ce溶胶(0.005％、0.01％)可显著提高可溶性糖质量比.叶面施Si、Ce能够提高保护酶POD、SOD的活性,抑制生菜对Cd、Pb的吸收,降低其地上部Cd、Pb质量比.叶面施Si和Ce溶胶可显著改善生菜品质及降低Cd和Pd毒害效应,喷施0.05％ SiO2和0.01％ CeO2缓解Cd和Pb毒害作用的效果最佳.     

“8·29”充装台充装现场氧气瓶爆炸事故原因分析

介绍了较为少见的充装台充装过程中氧气瓶爆炸事故,描述了事故爆炸后的现场。对爆炸气瓶碎片进行化学成分分析、机械性能、金相试验、内壁附着物化学成分分析和能谱分析。通过分析认定,由于误操作油脂混进氧气瓶,高压氧气和油脂接触发生剧烈的自燃氧化放热,使瓶内的氧气迅速升温升压,超出气瓶承压极限导致气瓶爆炸。结合工作经验,提出要严格气瓶充装前的检验,加强气瓶使用和经销单位的安全监管等防范措施和建议,对氧气瓶的安全管理具有参考价值和实际意义。     

利用SLIM方法计算海上关井作业中人的可靠性

人的可靠性对于关井作业的成功实施至关重要。为了定量评价海上关井作业中人的可靠性,提出了导致海上关井人员失误的六个影响因素,包括两个环境因素和四个组织管理因素。以起下钻杆过程中的关井作业为例,通过对海上钻井专家进行问卷调查,求取了不同因素对各个关井步骤的影响权重。将六个影响因素的质量评级划分为A,B,C,D,E,F六个等级,在评级均为C的情况下,利用成功似然指数法求取了每个关井步骤中人的可靠性的平均值。为评价作业方的组织管理质量对人的可靠性的影响,将四个组织管理因素的评级提高到B级,结果表明关井成功率大幅提高,作业方的组织管理水平对于关井作业的成功实施至关重要。     

1982-2003年中国草地生物量时空格局变化研究

论文结合草地生物量调查资料、对应时段NDVI数据,分析了1982-2003年不同时期我国草地生物量空间格局变化特征及其与气候变化的关系。结果表明：20世纪80年代初期到末期,全国大部分地区草地生物量增加或基本持平;80年代末期到90年代初,大面积范围内草地生物量降低,热性草丛、温性草甸草原、山地草甸、低地草甸下降幅度分别为10.86%、4.96%、4.86%、3.49%;90年代末期后,北方大部分地区草地生物量上升到80年代的水平,南方草地生物量略有上升;1982-2003年草原区平均气温上升0.6~1.5℃,降雨量减少23.3%,草地生物量变化与降水量变化有弱相关关系（相关系数0.29）,与气温变化无关。     

絮凝剂用壳聚糖的中试生产研究

在实验室制备絮凝剂用壳聚糖的基础上,按工业化生产的要求对壳聚糖进行了中试生产研究.经正交试验确定了生产过程中脱钙、脱蛋白、脱乙酰等3步反应的最佳工艺参数. 由此中试工艺生产的壳聚糖的生产成本比国内同类产品下降了22%,生产周期缩短了66%,且主要性能指标均达到或超过国内外同类产品的水平.     

生态系统健康与环境管理

环境管理和生态系统健康是密不可分的,生态系统健康是环境管理的目的,生态系统健康为环境管理提供了新的思路、新的方法,健康的生态系统为实现区域可持续发展提供技术支撑和发展基础.生态系统健康的发展演替过程是优化环境管理的步骤.优化的环境管理为生态系统健康发展提供宏观决策和社会经济保障.本文从学科发展的角度论述了生态系统健康产生的背景、理论基础和应用途径;从学科交叉的角度论述了生态系统健康的评价和与环境管理的关系.提出了环境管理的目标:健康的生态系统→健康的环境→健康的食品→健康的人类生态系统→健康的社会发展.     

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition

Resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition were used for nickel recovery. Treated wastewater can meet the Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard. The spent resin is completely regenerated by 3 BV of 4% HCl solution. 95.6% of nickel in concentrated eluent was recovered by electrodeposition. Effective recovery of high-value heavy metals from electroplating wastewater is of great significance, but recovering nickel ions from real electroplating wastewater as nickel sheet has not been reported. In this study, the pilot-scale fixed-bed resin adsorption was conducted to recover Ni(II) ions from real nickel plating wastewater, and then the concentrated Ni(II) ions in the regenerated solution were reduced to nickel sheet via electrodeposition. A commercial cation-exchange resin was selected and the optimal resin adsorption and regeneration conditions were investigated. The resin exhibited an adsorption capacity of 63 mg/g for Ni(II) ions, and the average amount of treated water was 84.6 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale experiments. After the adsorption by two ion-exchange resin columns in series and one chelating resin column, the concentrations of Ni(II) in the treated wastewater were below 0.1 mg/L. After the regeneration of the spent resin using 3 BV of 4% (w/w) HCl solution, 1.5 BV of concentrated neutral nickel solution (>30 g/L) was obtained and used in the subsequent electrodeposition process. Using the aeration method, alkali and water required in resin activation process were greatly reduced to 2 BV and 3 BV, respectively. Under the optimal electrodeposition conditions, 95.6% of Ni(II) in desorption eluent could be recovered as the elemental nickel on the cathode. The total treatment cost for the resin adsorption and regeneration as well as the electrodeposition was calculated.     

Comparison of CNT-PVA membrane and commercial polymeric membranes in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater

CNT-PVA membrane was fabricated and compared with polymeric membranes. The separation performance was evaluated by homemade and cutting fluid emulsions. The three membranes show similar oil retention rates. CNT-PVA membranes have higher permeation fluxes compared with polymeric membranes. CNT-PVA membrane shows higher fouling resistance. Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater. However, polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling. Therefore, membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater. In this study, carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (CNT-PVA) membrane was fabricated. And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes (PVDF membrane and PES membrane) by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion. The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions. Whereas, the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush, CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux. However, the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane, respectively. Therefore, CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes, showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.     

In situ electron-induced reduction of NOx via CNTs activated by DBD at low temperature

• An in situ electron-induced deNO_x process with CNT activated by DBD was achieved. • Carbon atoms on CNT surface were verified to be excited by plasma in DBD-CNT system. • Reactions between NO_x and excited C result in synergistic effect of DBD-CNT system. In this study, a new in situ electron-induced process is presented with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a reduction agent activated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for nitrogen oxide (NO_x) abatement at low temperature (<407 K). Compared with a single DBD system and a DBD system with activated carbon (DBD-AC), a DBD system with carbon nanotubes (DBD-CNT) showed a significant promotion of NO_x removal efficiency and N₂ selectivity. Although the O₂ content was 10%, the NO_x conversion and N₂ selectivity in the DBD-CNT system still reached 64.9% and 81.9% at a specific input energy (SIE) of 1424 J/L, and these values decreased to 16.8%, 31.9% and 43.2%, 62.3% in the single DBD system and the DBD-AC system, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate surface changes in the CNTs after activation by DBD to explore the NO_x reduction abatement mechanism of this new process. Furthermore, the outlet gas components were also observed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to help reveal the NO_x reduction mechanism. Experimental results verified that carbon atoms excited by DBD and the structure of CNTs contributed to the synergistic activity of the DBD-CNT system. The new deNO_x process was accomplished through in situ heterogenetic reduction reactions between the NO_x and carbon atoms activated by the plasma on the CNTs. In addition, further results indicated that the new deNO_x process exhibited acceptable SO₂ tolerance and water resistance.