污水回用中的循环浓缩水质模型与污水回用率

污水回用中因循环浓缩,存在着水质变差问题．探索其变化规律,定量确定运行参数,做到既节水又保证回用水质合格、稳定,具有重要理论和实用意义．通过数学归纳法推导出一个循环浓缩水质数学模型和计算杂用水质和污水回用率的公式．应用该模型,以厕所污水回用为例,就污水水质、污染物去除率、处理水质和杂用水质标准对杂用水质、污水回用率的影响进行讨论．结果表明,在符合城市杂用水水质标准的前提条件下,分别按生化需氧量、浊度、氨氮及色度等水质指标计算得出的污水回用率是65．3％,82．9％,57．5％和37％．在厕所污水回用中,色度为水回用率的限制指标．由于色度指标的限制,经计算水循环厕所的污水回用率一般不宜超过40％。     

钴铜改性的ZSM-5对低浓度NO吸附性能的研究

利用固定吸附床研究了不同金属离子改性的ZSM-5分子筛对一氧化氮的吸附性能。实验发现:在过渡金属同钴离子一起改性的ZSM-5中,钴铜金属离子共同改性的ZSM-5分子筛对一氧化氮的吸附性能最好;当铜钴离子共同浸渍、铜钴离子浸渍量比(n(Cu) n(Co))为0 8和Al2O3(粘合剂)用量w(Al2O3)为23%时,改性的ZSM-5分子筛既具有良好的吸附性能又有良好的机械强度。另外,实验还发现改性分子筛吸附一氧化氮的穿透时间随吸附温度的升高而缩短,并利用热重技术,分析了吸附剂的热再生问题。      

锡林郭勒盟植被物候枯黄期对干湿变化的时间多尺度响应

基于全球监测与建模组(GIMMS)1982～2015年第三代归一化植被指数(NDVI)GIMMS NDVI 3g数据集和气象观测数据,采用累计NDVI的Logistic曲线曲率极值法提取锡林郭勒草原植被枯黄期,并结合不同时间尺度标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)分析植被枯黄期对干湿变化的响应特征.结果表明:1982～201...     

Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.     

Approaching the upper boundary of driver-response relationships: identifying factors using a novel framework integrating quantile regression with interpretable machine learning

● A novel framework integrating quantile regression with machine learning is proposed. ● It aims to identify factors driving observations to upper boundary of relationship. ● Increasing N:P and TN concentration help fulfill the effect of TP on CHL. ● Wetter and warmer decrease potential and increase eutrophication control difficulty. ● The framework advances applications of quantile regression and machine learning. The identification of factors that may be forcing ecological observations to approach the upper boundary provides insight into potential mechanisms affecting driver-response relationships, and can help inform ecosystem management, but has rarely been explored. In this study, we propose a novel framework integrating quantile regression with interpretable machine learning. In the first stage of the framework, we estimate the upper boundary of a driver-response relationship using quantile regression. Next, we calculate “potentials” of the response variable depending on the driver, which are defined as vertical distances from the estimated upper boundary of the relationship to observations in the driver-response variable scatter plot. Finally, we identify key factors impacting the potential using a machine learning model. We illustrate the necessary steps to implement the framework using the total phosphorus (TP)-Chlorophyll a (CHL) relationship in lakes across the continental US. We found that the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N׃P), annual average precipitation, total nitrogen (TN), and summer average air temperature were key factors impacting the potential of CHL depending on TP. We further revealed important implications of our findings for lake eutrophication management. The important role of N׃P and TN on the potential highlights the co-limitation of phosphorus and nitrogen and indicates the need for dual nutrient criteria. Future wetter and/or warmer climate scenarios can decrease the potential which may reduce the efficacy of lake eutrophication management. The novel framework advances the application of quantile regression to identify factors driving observations to approach the upper boundary of driver-response relationships.     

Screening of indicator pharmaceuticals and personal care products in landfill leachates: a case study in Shanghai,China

● A systematic framework was developed to identify i-PPCPs for landfill leachate. ● The wide-scope target analysis offered a basis for comprehensive i-PPCP screening. ● Source-specificity and representativeness analysis helped to refine i-PPCPs. ● Erythromycin, gemfibrozil and albendazole were identified as i-PPCPs for leachate. Identifying potential sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment is critical for the effective control of PPCP contamination. Landfill leachate is an important source of PPCPs in water; however, it has barely been involved in source apportionment due to the lack of indicator-PPCPs (i-PPCPs) in landfill leachates. This study provides the first systematic framework for identifying i-PPCPs for landfill leachates based on the wide-scope target monitoring of PPCPs. The number of target PPCPs increased from < 20 in previous studies to 68 in the present study. Fifty-nine PPCPs were detected, with median concentrations in leachate samples ranging from below the method quantification limit (MQL) to 41 μg/L, and 19 of them were rarely reported previously. A total of 29 target compounds were determined to be PPCPs of high concern by principal component analysis according to multiple criteria, including occurrence, exposure potential, and ecological effect. Coupled with source-specificity and representativeness analysis, erythromycin, gemfibrozil, and albendazole showed a significant difference in their occurrence in leachate compared to other potential sources (untreated and treated municipal wastewater and livestock wastewater) and correlated with total PPCP concentrations; these were recommended as i-PPCPs for leachates. Indicator screening procedure can be used to develop a sophisticated source apportionment method to identify sources of PPCPs from adjacent landfills.     

小型湖泊修复区与未修复区对生态修复的响应与评价

为研究湖泊生态修复后小型城市湖泊不同区域水生态状况的长期响应特征,并探讨利用不同水生生物类群评价水体水生态状况的适用性,于2018年1月～2019年5月,对湖南小型城市湖泊松雅湖水质及不同水生生物类群分别进行了逐月和季度监测,并对其水生态状况进行了评价.结果显示,与生态修复之前相比,修复后松雅湖全湖相关水质指标均优于修...     

1990—2020年承德市御道口地区产水与水源涵养功能时空演变

承德市御道口地区作为京津冀水源涵养功能区的组成部分,是区域可持续发展的重要生态支撑。基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(InVEST模型)定量分析了1990—2020年御道口地区的产水与水源涵养功能的时空演变,并采用情景模拟法分析评估气候要素与土地利用类型变化对产水量与水源涵养量的影响。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年,御道口地区平均产水深度与水源涵养深度分别为103.26,81.66 mm,产水量与水源涵养量呈现先减小后增加的波动变化趋势;空间均呈现东北高西南低的分布特征,高值区主要集中于东北林、草地区域,低值区则主要集中于未利用地与西南部耕地区域;(2)各气候要素中,产水深度、水源涵养深度与降水量呈正相关关系,与潜在蒸、散发量呈负相关关系;各土地利用类型中,草地的平均产水量贡献率最大(51.23%),林地的平均水源涵养量贡献率最大(50.77%);(3)1990—2020年,气候与土地利用变化对产水量变化的年平均贡献率分别为94.99%和5.01%,对水源涵养量变化的年平均贡献率分别为92.21%和7.79%,气候变化是御道口地区产水、水源涵养功能时空演变的主导因素,而土地利用变化的影响正在逐渐增强。     

基于AVHRR和MODIS的海表温度一致性分析

本文以太平洋为研究区域,选取平均偏差、绝对偏差、标准偏差和相关系数4个误差统计指标,开展2002年7月至2009年12月MODIS SST与AVHRR SST两种SST产品的一致性分析。结果表明:（1）两种SST产品的差异在时空上分布不均匀,距平前,一致性较好的区域均分布在偏差条带（10° N附近）的南、北两边低纬度区域以及澳洲的东部海域,且二者偏差长时间稳定在±0.4 ℃以内;（2）在南美洲中西部海域以及马来群岛附近海域,两种SST产品差异具有明显的季节性规律,并且在马来群岛附近海域,两种传感器存在一定程度的原理机制区别;（3）在南半球中纬度太平洋中部海域和北半球中纬度太平洋中部海域,季节性因素并不是造成两种SST产品差异的主要原因;（4）距平后,其中一致性较好的区域主要分布在偏差条带（10° N附近）的南、北两边低纬度区域以及澳洲的东部海域,其他区域在距平后的差异更接近同一水平;（5）两种SST数据产品中,夜间降轨（Night）产品之间的差异大于白天升轨（Day）,距平后,这种差异大大缩小。