黄孢原毛平革菌降解磷酸三苯酯的性能和机理

以白腐真菌的中的黄孢原毛平革菌（Phanerochaete chrysosporium）为实验菌种，考察不同环境条件因素对P.chrysosporium降解磷酸三苯酯（TPhP）的影响以及TPhP降解过程中菌体细胞特性的变化.结果表明，当孢子液的接种量为4%（V/V），葡萄糖浓度为5g/L，pH值为5~6时，经过6d的处理P.chrysosporium对5mg/L TPhP的降解率可达到60%以上.菌体的细胞色素P450酶在TPhP的降解转化过程中发挥了重要的作用，抑制P450酶的活性会导致TPhP降解率下降.在降解反应的前期，为加快TPhP的代谢转化，菌体胞内蛋白含量以及ATP酶活性出现明显升高.在TPhP胁迫下，菌体SOD和CAT的活性随降解反应的进行呈现先升高后降低的趋势，2种抗氧化酶协同作用维持TPhP降解过程中菌体胞内的氧化还原平衡.     

活性炭及不同土壤吸附-超临界CO2再生四氯乙烯的特性

为解决干洗店等清洗行业排放的含四氯乙烯(PCE)三废的环境污染问题,开发一种使用经济、适用、有效且无污染的处理技术,需要收集相关的基础参数.文章研究了活性炭及兰州市三种不同的土壤对水中PCE吸附特性及超临界CO2再生活性炭及土壤萃取回收PCE的特性,结果表明,活性炭与土壤吸附水中PCE达到平衡的时间均为7 d,吸附等温线均可用Freundlich等温式拟合,且有较好的相关性;活性炭与不同土壤对PCE吸附能力差异较大,吸附能力由大到小为活性炭>林土>灌淤土>黄绵土,且土壤的吸附能力与土壤有机质、含水率及pH值关系密切;超临界CO2再生活性炭与土壤回收PCE,分别在35 ℃、20 MPa和60 ℃、20 MPa这样不太苛刻的条件下通过调整S/F值可获得较高的回收率,为PCE的污染治理技术提供理论依据.     

废水汽提装置的改造

南阳石蜡精细化工厂在对催化裂化装置的废水汽提系统进行分析、论证的基础上,对其进行了改造,增加了焚烧炉、旋流器、换热器、将汽提塔筛孔塔盘更换为鲍尔环填料等。改造后,废水汽提系统运行平稳,同时熄灭了火炬,增大了废水处理能量,节约了废水处理成本,总排口废水水质达到国家一级排放标准。     

Sludge as dioxins suppressant in hospital waste incineration

Nitrogen containing compounds such as ammonia, urea and amines can effectively inhibit the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Sewage sludge accumulates both sulfur and nitrogen during wastewater treatment so it could be used to reduce PCDD/Fs formation. Indeed, it is observed in this study that the gas evolving from the sludge drying process can significantly suppress chlorobenzene (CBz) and PCDD/Fs formation from fly ash collected from a hospital waste incinerator. For instance, the reduction of hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz) and PCDD/Fs amount was 92.1% and 78.7%, respectively, when the drying gas evolving from 2g sludge flew through 2g fly ash. These tests were conducted in the frame of projects devoted to hospital waste incineration. The disposal technology for hospital waste (HW), developed in this institute, features rotary kiln pyrolysis combined with post-combustion followed by flue gas cleaning. Hence, some preliminary tests were devoted to investigate dioxins suppression by co-pyrolysis and co-combustion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and sludge in lab scale. More experimental research will be conducted to appropriately assess these effects of sludge on PCDD/Fs emissions during co-pyrolysis/combustion of HW and sludge.     

Environmental stress-induced extracellular isoperoxidase RC3 from rice

Effects of various environmental stresses such as heavy metals, salts and low (high) temperature on the secretion of peroxidase isozyme into the medium were examined in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nak-Dong) suspension culture. The major extracellular peroxidases secreted into the medium by various stresses were cationic isoperoxidases. A far migrating cationic isoperoxidase RC3 was isolated from the medium after application of CaCl2, the effective stimulator for peroxidase secretion. Isolation of extracellular isoperoxidase RC3 was accomplished by ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-cellulose cation-exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration. The enzyme was a glycoprotein having molecular weight of approximately 34 KDa as determined by SDS-PAGE and 38 KDa by Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration. The pI value of the enzyme was 8.9. Kinetic studies revealed that the optimum pH of the enzyme was 6.0 for guaiacol and H2O2, and the Km values for guaiacol and H2O2 were 10.5 mM and 3.2 mM, respectively.     

医疗废物焚烧炉运行前后5年周边土壤重金属对比分析研究

为研究医疗废物焚烧炉对周边土壤中重金属含量的影响,对某典型焚烧厂周围土壤进行了运行前和运行5年(2007—2012年)后重金属含量的采样分析研究.共采集20个土壤样品、2个飞灰样品,并对其中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锑(Sb)、钒(V)、锌(Zn)共10种重金属的含量进行了测定.结果显示,除Pb外,其余金属元素含量都有不同程度的升高.主成分分析表明,医疗废物焚烧厂并不是该区域土壤中重金属的唯一污染来源,还存在其它潜在污染源.健康风险评估结果显示,砷(As)在非致癌及致癌风险评估中都明显超标,必须严格控制砷排放,降低砷在环境中的含量.     

Effect of ammonium sulfate and urea on PCDD/F formation from active carbon and possible mechanism of inhibition

The effect of ammonium sulfate （（NH4）2SO4） and urea （CO（NH2）2） on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran （PCDD/F） formation from active carbon was investigated in this study. Both additives could significantly inhibit PCDD/F formation, and PCDD/F （TEQ） generation was reduced to 98.5% （98%） or 64.5% （77.2%） after 5% （NH4）2S04 or CO（NH2）2 was added into model ash, respectively. The inhibition efficiency of PCDDs was higher than the value of PCDFs, however, the reduction of PCDD/F yield was mainly from PCDFs decreasing. In addition, the solid-phase products were reduced more than the gas-phase compounds by inhibitors. By the measurement of chlorine emission in the phase of ion （Cl[Cl^-]） and molecule gas （Cl[Cl2]）, it was observed that both Cl[Cl^-] and Cl[Cl2] were reduced after inhibitors were added into ash. Cl[Cl2] was reduced to 51.0% by urea addition, which was supposed as one possible mechanism of PCDD/F inhibition.     

基于WASP对渝河NH_3-N排放方案的研究

随着宁夏南部山区经济的快速发展,水环境问题在渝河表现得尤为突出。为实现"建设美丽宁夏"和"渝河出境水质达到Ⅳ类标准"的目标,对渝河排污的控制极为重要。因此,基于2014年渝河的监测资料,运用WASP建立一维水质模型对渝河污染主因子NH_3-N排放方案进行研究,并提出了相应的水环境保护建议。结果表明:当初始隆德断面为Ⅲ类水质标准,NH_3-N按一级A标准的优化方案进行排放时,可以达到出境水质目标;同时,增设监测断面ZG1和ZG2有利于全面反映渝河水质的沿程变化。     

炼化企业应急响应系统建设探讨

从系统建设角度讨论了炼化企业应急响应系统的目标需求、建设内容、技术方法和系统特点。     

脱硫成本—地面浓度响应模型理论和案例初探

综合分析了目前二氧化硫削减技术政策现状,提出了一种评价二氧化硫治理效率的指标——单位投资地面浓度改善水平。利用该指标对一个地区SO2污染源进行评价,通过设定基金激励机制,吸引高效率的污染源积极完成污染治理任务,并应用博弈论分析基金如何影响企业污染治理决策,达到以较小成本控制污染的目的。通过案例的计算,比较A-P浓度贡献法削减方案和文章推荐方案的脱硫经济成本和环境效益。